Wednesday, November 27, 2019
Basic pc recording essays
Basic pc recording essays First thing's first - what is your purpose of recording on a PC? Are you doing it for fun? Are you an up-and-coming producer? Or are you trying to upgrade your current recording setup? I will be covering the aspect of simple, basic recording on a PC. Read on. Let's take a look at how sounds get recorded into your computer and get spit out of your speakers. Whether you have a set of turntables, a microphone, drum machine, sampler, etc., you will need to somehow plug your gear into your computer's sound card. Let's say you have a SoundBlaster Live soundcard installed on your PC. When you take a look at the soundcard, you can see that it has an input and output. But they're not RCA plugs, what are they? 1/8 inch. So what you'll need to do is get some wires that have 1/8 inch at one end and RCA at the other end. You need the sound to travel like this: RCA OUT of your drum machine, sampler, etc., If you have multiple pieces of gear and you would like to hook them all up together, you'll need to either connect all of them to a mixer and then go to your soundcard, or connect them via MIDI, but I won't get into all of that this time. The sound is now able to pass through the soundcard and recorded into your computer. It then sends the sound out of the soundcard, through the OUT slot. That's where you hook up another wire going from the soundcard's OUT to the IN of your amp. There are too many to name, but even the most basic soundcard will do nowadays, but it all depends on what you want to accomplish and how good you want the sound to be. As long as the soundcard is full-duplex and has the basics like IN, OUT, MIDI IN, MIDI Out, SPDIF Out (to connect to a DAT machine for example), then you'll be fine. Once the sound reaches your computer, you must have some kind of software program that can record it. Windows has a b ...
Saturday, November 23, 2019
Mexico City Essay
Mexico City Essay Mexico City Essay Welcome to Mexico City! Mexico City is one of the largest populated cities. Itââ¬â¢s built on a lake called Texcoco that is constantly sinking; it has sunk more than 9 meters in some areas in the last 100 years. Mexico City sits on a basin called the Valley of Mexico. Mountains surround the Valley and have a mild climate with rich soil. The first settlers that arrived in the Mexico Valley were the Aztecs about a thousand years ago. The Aztecs created a mighty empire with the Tenochtitlan people but in 1521, Spain took over. The Tenochtitlan people were destroyed. Some 300 years later, in 1821, Mexico won its independence back from Spain. Life was tough for some Mexican Farmers. About 15% of the land was suitable for farming. Most of the land was too dry, rocky, or mountainous to grow crops. At one time, farmers were the backbone for the Mexican society, but now many farmers have to sell their land in order to survive. Sometimes, they go to work for wealthy plantations for more mo ney. Usually, wages are low resulting to poverty and unemployment in rural Mexico. Many farmers move to the city in hopes of finding jobs that will give them decent pay and give their families a brighter future. During the 1970ââ¬â¢s and 80ââ¬â¢s, about 1,000 people a day have moved to the Capital. Now, many try to cross the U.S boarders. Urbanization creates problems in Mexico City. There are too many people not enough land. Mexico City is expanding, and suburbs are spreading into the mountains. Rapid growth has had a negative impact on Mexico Cityââ¬â¢s environment. The air pollution is the worst. In 1991, the air quality was a public risk for 355 days. Thick blankets of smog hang over the city. Many residents suffer from asthma or other diseases. At the time pollution was thought to cause 1,000 deaths and 35,000 hospitalizations per year.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Managing Organisational Change Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Managing Organisational Change - Case Study Example In 1994 it experienced a tough competition from one of its strong competitor Airbus which booked more number of orders in the market. Since World War II there were only slight changes in the system of the organization and there were outdated technologies that were used for the business operations which gave scope to the other players in the market to capture the market share of Boeing. In 1997 there was a surplus demand in the market which was the major factor that enabled the company to adopt efficient measures in the production system so as to meet the market demand. The company lacked the communication flow and even the operated on the principle of ââ¬Ëwin at all costsââ¬â¢ which resulted into major crisis for the company where it had to halt its production for 20 days of 747 aircrafts (Bunker and Alban, 2006, pp. 53-54). There was a lot of manufacturing difficulties that appeared across the business operations of Boeing which initiated the company to incorporate some change s to increase efficiency of the operations and also remain focused on cost and production. The change drivers was mainly fluctuations in the revenue that occurred every year because of the demand cycle of Boeingââ¬â¢s products and the company needed more of stability in the business environment. The main reason for adapting various new technologies in the system and even lean manufacturing was to counter the demand of the market so that they are able to take mote contracts before their competitors captures the opportunity. The competition was fierce and the market demand was more efficient products delivered at the least possible time this made Boeing to take initiatives in order to restructure its entire manufacturing process. The company when recognized that the traditional commercial airline industry was highly saturated it changed its strategy
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Competitor Analysis and the Development of a Brand Assignment
Competitor Analysis and the Development of a Brand - Assignment Example ishwasher was widely accepted by the market with the result that Fairy could make way to launch further of its brand extensions which it did in the coming years. Fairyââ¬â¢s innovation appealed to the masses and its performance became anonymous with combating stubborn and burnt stains the best way (Datamonitor, 2011); fairy.co.uk, 2011; Superbrands.com). The promotions of the brand were strongly backed by Above the Line advertisements with celebrity endorsements to establish strong brand equity. As the brand moved into the future to meet the changing consumer tastes and preferences accordingly, Fairyââ¬â¢s packaging was changed to a transparent bottle which was easier to handle. After a massive success, Fairy Liquid was launched with a lemon scent. This was followed by Fairy non-bio laundry product for sensitive skin, anti-bacterial Fairy Liquid, Fairy Powerspray for tough burnt on stains. With these brand extensions, Fairy could cash in the revenue from every possible segment and sub-segment of liquid cleansers (Datamonitor Research Store. 2011); Datamonitor, 2011; fairy.co.uk, 2011; Superbrands.com). Fairy had and still has the advantage of a long-established equity along with a strong brand image with which it can tap into all the possible markets successfully through its brand extensions. Fairy currently operates in a mature market the product lifecycle of which has predominantly been extended by creating sub-segments of the dishwasher and sink sectors. Fairy has a whopping share of 57% in the sink washing sector and is second to Finish in the dishwasher category (Superbrands.com, Datamonitor, 2011). The launching of Fairy Active Burst and Active Powder Burst marks Fairyââ¬â¢s presence in both the categories of sink and dishwasher category. The brand extensions of Fairy Powerspray and Fairy Active Foam however can be considered as the most selling brand extensions. Following these developments, Fairy Active Foam was voted as the product of the year by the shoppers
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Friday, November 15, 2019
The Author to her Book: An Annotation of Bradstreet Essay -- Authors A
The Author to her Book: An Annotation of Bradstreet Anne Bradstreet's poem, The Author to her Book, is a twenty-four-line metaphor comparing the relationship of an author and her writings to the relationship between a parent and a child. The meaning of this lighthearted poem can clearly be seen as she traces the growth of a piece of work to the growth of the child. The significance of the poem, however, lies in the fact that this poem is a glimpse of the emotions felt by Anne Bradstreet an American female poet, and how it conflicts with the puritan society that frowns upon her appreciation of her talents and role as a poet. To clearly see all aspects that surround the interpretation of her poetry it is necessary to look at biographical information surrounding the life of Anne Bradstreet. Background knowledge gained previous to writing this annotation can be found at http://shenessex.heartland.net/local/scs/shs/faculty/dickerson/term197class/Jill/Bradstreet.html The lines below are annotated to explain how Bradstreet develops her metaphor as well as how it relates specifically to her life. The Author to her Book Anne Bradstreet Thou ill-formed offspring of my feeble brain, Who after birth didst by my side remain, Till snatched from thence by friends, less wise than true, Who thee abroad, exposed to public view, Made thee in rags, halting to th' press to trudge, Where errors were not lessened (all may judge). At thy return my blushing was not small, My rambling brat (in print) should mother call, I cast thee by as one unfit for light, Thy visage was so irksome in my sight; Yet being mine own, at length affection would Thy blemishes amend, if so I could: I washed thy face, but more defects I saw, And r... ...roduced a piece of work and even though she may be wealthy through her husband, she is poor, and like any poet wants to profit from what she has created. Bradstreet is often titled as the first American poet. This title is a hard one to determine, not only because it is difficult to say who is first, but because it is hard to decide what makes a poet American. Since the colonies were founded many poets were writing on American soil, so does that make them American poets? It does not seem right to allow them such an honor if they still conform to European styles. Anne Bradstreet, however, earns the title because she makes the transition from being English and living in America, to being American. The shift is described in The Author to her Book, where she disturbs her European roles as a Puritan and a woman, and comes out looking, instead, the part of an American.
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Buy Nothing Day Essay
Buy Nothing Day is an day of protest that was founded in Canada in 1992 where people are asked to purchase no goods as a way to attempt to increase awareness of excessive consumerism and its environmental and ethical consequences. Over the last 22 years it has been held annually in many nations and activist groups are continuing to try to convince more and more countries to pledge their participate. A Buy Nothing Day, although based in good motives, is extreme and should not be established in the United States because it may hurt the economy, and it is an ineffective way to promote anti-consumerist ideas. Asking American consumers to boycott all goods for a day could have negative effects on the countryââ¬â¢s economy in many ways. Consumer spending almost single handedly carries the economy and makes up almost 70% of the gross domestic product. Not only does a Buy Nothing Day day have the potential to lower the GDP, but it would also cause instability in an already fragile economy that is still recovering from a recession. On a more personal level, a Buy Nothing day could seriously affect small businesses that depend on daily sales much more than large companies and workers in sales positions. If stores knew that they would not see many customers on a Buy Nothing Day, they may ask many workers to stay home which could be harmful to people who depend on work every day to pay for their living expenses. Even if a person was luck enough to still be called into work, many salespersons are paid low, basic wages and then paid commission for the number of sales they make that day to make u p for the low base earning. If no one comes into the store to buy goods that means the commission they would have earned is not available. In addition to negatively effecting the economy, a Buy Nothing Day is simply an ineffective strategy to promote anti-consumerist ideals. Asking consumers to completely abstain from purchasing goods is extreme and will likely not have a lasting effect on consumersââ¬â¢ buying habits. This is because this approach, although it may cause a day of less consumption, does nothing to educate people about why excessive consumerism is a problem. The more likely result is that it will simply hasten or delay the purchase of goods toà another day, and it may not have any effect at all on the purchase of necessities such as gas and groceries. In addition, itââ¬â¢s intense focus on the helping the environment is misleading, as one day a year will have almost no positive effect on the environment. Purchasing goods or not, most people will still have to use fossil fuels for transportation, and large industrial factories will continue to manufacture goods just as they would have before. If this campaign truly wants to create a lasting change in the way Americanââ¬â¢s purchase goods it should focus less on such extreme protesting and instead focus on year-long advertisements which better promote the reasons behind their campaign and on consumer education which would teach people how to make smart decisions when purchasing goods. Starting a Buy Nothing Day in the United States could cause instability, damage the already fragile economy and hurt individuals who depend on sales for their livelihoods. In addition, it is altogether a poorly constructed and will not change the way people consume goods because it does not adequately educate people about the cause, nor will its one-day strategy have the impact on the environment that the campaign wants to. Although it has good points about the extreme level of consumerism in the modern world and its negative effects, its extremist approach is not the way to go. Better promotion of the ideas behind a Buy Nothing Day and consumer education are the way to create a lasting effect on the way people purchase goods.
Sunday, November 10, 2019
The Philippine Local Fiscal Administration
In the Philippines took three forms- devolution, deconcentration and delegation. As Carlno affirms, the framers of the 1987 Constitution institutionalized decentralization with the end-view of realizing democracy and development especially at the grassroots level. Devolution paved way for the transfer of political power from the central government to the local government units.This transfer of power and functions was accompanied by the provision of a higher Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA), broader tax base and a just share In the national ealth to finance devolved responsibilities and provision of various goods and services. This was accompanied by deconcentration which is the transfer of administrative powers and functions from central offices of government agencies to the field offces at the regional, provincial, and municipal/city level.In consonance with the concept that local government units are more responsive to the needs of their communities, deconcentration was institution alized vis-a- vis devolution as a means tor national government agencies (NGAs) to provide assistance to LGUs by etung standards In the Implementation of various programs and monitor the operation and services of the LGUs along the different socio-economic and political dimensions.Contrary to the past practices wherein the central government through the national government agencies (NGAs) exercises a degree of control in the implementation of programs at the LGU level, deconcentratlon aims to lessen, If not remove, the control from the national government and replace it with supervisory functions. Ideally, through deconcentration, NGAs set standards and supervise LGUS provision of various services to the community (i. DOH and LGLJ health services).Decentralization in the Philippines also took the form of delegation, or what other author calls as ââ¬Å"debureaucratizationâ⬠. This was the result of the surmounting clamor for participatory governance and active citizenship during the ouster of the late President Ferdinand Marcos through the People's Power Revolution and even prior to and after the said historic event. The author of the Consitution saw it fit, as a response to the call of the times, to put greater emphasis on the Involvement of non- government organizations, people's organizations, and the private sector in governance.In this way, democracy and development was believed to be realized when the voices ot the marginalized, poor and other people aggrupations are heard and considered In decision-making at the different government level. In contrast to the experience of other countries, decentralization In the Philippines took a complete form. This may be attributed to the political atmosphere in the 1980S- 1 BOO's conducive to decentralization and democratic form of government. Colombia deconcentrated its state services but placed a limit In the delegation and devolution of powers.Same can be said with the experiences of Mexico and Togo. The Phil ippines also has a legal framework conducive to democratic decentralization. Decentrallzatlon tnroDs In tne Article x 0T tne IYB/ constltutlon wnere tne congress is mandated to enact a Local Government Code which ââ¬Å"shall provide for a more responsive and accountable local government structure instituted through a system of decentralizationâ⬠. Countries like Spain and China lack this legal framework despite substantial decentralization.This means that decentralization in the Philippines possesses a degree of ââ¬Å"permanency' that would ensure the continuity in LGUs' exercise of devolved powers and functions. In the words of Katorobo, decentralization in the Philippines has a ââ¬Å"more stable environmentâ⬠(Katorobo, 2004). The system of decentralization in the country is also more responsive to the needs of the local community. Unlike the experiences of India, China and Russia where powers and functions were only devolved at the state and regional levels, decentral ization in the Philippines reaches down to the basic unit of government, the barangays.Due to our countrys bent towards democracy, the Philippines has a ââ¬Å"higher form of decentralizationâ⬠as compared to other countries (Ibid. . The central government has transferred more powers and functions to the local governments and has provided more avenues for civil society engagement in local governance. Role of Local Fiscal Administration in a Decentralized Setup The transfer of powers and functions to local government units (LGUs) necessitates the transfer and redistribution of financial resources. LGUs need sources and means to finance devolved services.Thus, the Local Government Code of 1991 provided LGUs with an increase in the IRA share, broader tax base, and a Just share in the national wealth. The redistribution of financial resources is essential for LGUs to realize local development as more responsive services are provided to the community. Local fiscal administration pla ys an important role in the attainment of local development as well as in the attainment of national goals. LGUs have to maximize powers and functions particularly their taxing powers and other functions in line with revenue generation and resource allocation to hasten development at the local level.A good local fiscal administration is needed to realize inclusive growth and poverty reduction as utlined in the Philippine Development Plan 2011- 2016. Improvements in the different aspects of local fiscal administration- systems, structures, processes, officials and personnel, and policy environment- is a means for the local government to obtain higher income levels to finance local government operations and services intended to uplift living conditions in the communities. As stated in the Handbook of Local Fiscal Administration in the Philippines by Celestino, et. al. these improvements may come in the form of new technology, good staffing patterns, adequate skills of ersonnel, height ened awareness of LGUs of available credit facilities, enhanced capacity of LGU for development planning, and the presence of political will among others. These contribute to increased LGU revenues and improved delivery of services to the community. Ultimately, poor living conditions and issues on human development (i. e. health diseases, malnutrition, illiteracy, unemployment, underemployment, environmental degradation, etc. ) are addressed when LGUs are able to provide more than adequate services.Improvements along these areas have an intrinsic value to the society. A healthier and educated population is a way of eradicating poverty. Same is true with the provision and generation of Jobs at the local level. same can De sala wltn eTTo rts to protect ana preserve ecological Dalance in any given community. These contribute to the achievement of inclusive growth and eradication of poverty. Local Fiscal Administration 20 Years after the Code's Enactment A closer look at the 20- year Ph ilippine experience of decentralization,however, shows that the country has succeeded only to a certain extent in its decentralization efforts.Llanto, in his iscussion paper, ââ¬Å"The Assignment of Functions and Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in the Philippines Twenty Years after Decentralizationâ⬠, has observed that expenditure responsibilities with benefits confined within the territorial Jurisdiction of local governments were correctly assigned to LGUs. By these, he means that the Code correctly devolved functions and responsibilities on social demands and concerns that LGUs are in the best positions to respond to. He also mentioned that the Code ensured a clear tax- expenditure assignment.Nonetheless, despite success tories on decentralization particularly on local fiscal autonomy, Llanto observed pressing issues that need to be addressed if the country has to succeed in its decentralization efforts. These issues are: 1. The presence of two- track delivery system wher e NGAs perform devolved functions falling under the LGUs. 2. The increase in NGA budgets as a result of overlapping implementation of devolved programs 3. The misallocation of resources at the local level caused by the abuse of the pork barrel. 4. The low locally- sourced revenues in comparison to the total LGU expenditure. 5.The IRA-dependency of LGUs . The mismatch in the increase of expenditures and the quality of services 7. The inequitable access to local tax bases where cities have broader taxing powers than the provinces and municipalities. 8. The inability to raise adequate local revenues to the absence of competent staff and poor revenue generation systems. 9. The poor predictability in the size of the IRA. His suggestions to address these issues include the following: 1. The conduct of regular local public expenditure review 2. The use of poverty index, human development index, or resource indicator instead of the equal sharing criteria. The improvement of local tax admini stration. 4. The review and updating of local tax codes. 5. The institutionalization of a monitoring and reward system to recognize good local government performance in fiscal administration. 6. The avoidance of the imposition of unfunded mandates by the identification of source of funding apart from the coffers of the local government units 7. The alliance building/ resource pooling among LGUs for activities and services with inter-]urisdictional spillovers. There is still a lot of work to be done in our pursuit of successful decentralization nd the attainment of local development.Legislators and other policy makers have to pause and seriously consider the issues which surfaced in our first 20 years of decentralization. I believe that if we are to make any progress, incremental steps have to be taken towards countering these issues and challenges. And there is no importune time than the present to start providing interventions to the multiple concerns that confront the Philippine d ecentralization system.
Friday, November 8, 2019
Pok-Ta-Pok essays
Pok-Ta-Pok essays The Maya called it Pok-ta-pok. The Aztec called it Tlachtli. In Puerto Rico it was called Batey. Though may cultures had it, and although they called it different things it was still the ball game. It is difficult to tell exactly what the Mesoamerican ball game was. Of course it was a game played with a rubber ball that weighed any where from six to ten pounds. The object of the game was to score points, more points than your opponent. The players had to bounce the ball to the place to score points, which varied at the different courts, however the catch to this was that they could not use their hands or feet. "No other prehistoric sporting event has received as much attention or has been the subject of so much controversy, but no other game has been so well represented in the archaeological record." (Blanchard, 99) The origin of this game is not easily determined, and has caused as much controversy. Franz Blom, an archaeologist has argued that the ball game originated with the Maya. "The game which played so great a role in the life of the Middle American peoples was of Maya origin." (Blom, 487) The evidence for Blom's claim comes from the Maya ball courts dating back to the Classic period. Other evidence, mainly figurines, point to the Preclassic period. "While no ball courts are known for this period, it nevertheless is certain that the ball game was played, for many figurines show players with the protection for the hand and knee required for that sport." (Coe-Mexico:Olmec, 49) Another archaeologist, Michael Coe, argues that the ball game dates back to the Olmec period. "Early ball playing figurines have been found at many Olmec sites. Coe suggests that the helmet like headpieces of the colossal Olmec carved heads may be ball game head gear, evidence that the Olmec people may have been pl aying the game over three thousand years ago." (Blanchard, 100) There are even a few people who believe that the ball game orig...
Tuesday, November 5, 2019
East. St. Lousi Essay
East. St. Lousi Essay East. St. Lousi Essay Putting it Together Soc 390 April 25, 2013 East St. Louis Illinois is promoted, by their Mayer in his website address, as a ââ¬Å"great place to live, to work, to do business, and to raise a familyâ⬠(2011:245). This statement seems contradictory to the statistics showing that population has declined by one third since 1950 while unemployment is estimated at over 50% (2011:245). This paper will examine the historical and current neighborhoods, job opportunities, and family structures of East St. Louis by using the theories of Massey and Denton, Cohen, and Stack. It will also examine why poverty continues to increase and provide argument that a major reform in social policy must take place to dismantle this perpetuating cycle. To understand what changes must be made, a brief overview of the history of East St. Louis is necessary. Neighborhoods In the early twentieth century, East St. Louis was an all American city. People from varied backgrounds were flooding towards this industrial hot spot in search of work that was abundant. People were building houses and raising families in the quiet suburbs of St. Louis city. Children were free to play in the well-manicured public spaces. Couples could take evening strolls and listen to the music playing in the nightclubs and plenty of small businesses lined the streets (2011:36). However, with the political interest of this city being geared towards industry, this residential paradise would soon take a turn for the worse. Today, East St. Louis is hardly recognizable to the residents of its past. The once thriving businesses are closed and the buildings are uninhibited. The streets are littered with trash and rubble from the decay of the old structures (2011:39). Vandalism and crime have taken over in most of the public spaces. The current residents of this city are now left to dea l with the fallout of this abandoned landmark. This situation can be seen time and time again in cities across the nation. As discussed in Streetwise, the village of Northton went through a similar transformation during World War II (1990:56). The influx of jobs brought desirability to the village and in turn attracted lower income families, the unemployed. When poverty moved into the area, the wealthy and middle class residents moved out. ââ¬Å"The out-migration of middle class families from ghetto areas left behind a destitute community lacking the institutions, resources, and values necessary for success in post-industrial societyâ⬠(1993:7). This quote is an exact reflection of what took place in East St. Louis in the 1960ââ¬â¢s. After the civil rights movement, black families found increasing opportunities for advancement and started a migration towards better neighborhoods. Consequently, white residents started to flee in the late 1960ââ¬â¢s (Nunes, 1998). The white industrial workers started noticing the overflow of black families from Brooklyn encroaching on the Northern border of East St. Louis. This migration caused white families to leave their house as well as their job thus providing more resources for black families moving in, white flight. Slowly the white-owned industries lost interest in the area and started phasing out. The middle class blacks followed suit and left only the low income blac k families within the city. The possibility of escaping this abandoned city is very unlikely without financial resources. Even the middle class families that can successfully make it out of the ghettos are faced with a highly segregated housing market (1993:9). Culture of poverty theorists cite poor work ethics and morals as the downfall of the city and maintained that these traits carry across generations (Hamer 56). However, others cite changes in welfare policy concentrating on removing the poor from welfare rolls and forcing them into low wage labor as ââ¬Å"welfare racismâ⬠(Hamer 57). Personally I believe we can reform the welfare system to remove the negative effects without abandoning the impoverished. Again,
Sunday, November 3, 2019
The Principles of Management Communications Used to Successfully Research Paper
The Principles of Management Communications Used to Successfully Achieve Organizational Objectives - Research Paper Example In other words, in an organizational set up, communication has to involve the transfer of meaning and information from managers to employees and vice versa. The information communicated could take a wide range of forms that may involve symbols, words, numbers, and concepts among others. For any conveyed meaning or information to make sense, the receiver of such information has to make meaning from the conveyed elements. Therefore, considering that communication involves making meaning of the sent information, it would follow that organizations that design effective communication policies in their organizational management would perform much better than those with inferior communication strategies. Any organization has to put in place norms standards of communication that would lead to effective communication that result to change within the organization. Management involves the process of directing others to achieve organizational goals. Managers and employees have to be active listeners and pay attention to details for such communication to be effective. Research in Oncology has revealed that effective listening can be accommodating to others, leading to effective communication (Cohn, 2007). For instance, it is necessary to have communication at the same level. In other words, instead of communicating while one is standing, there is a need for both communicators to sit and have an eye-to-eye contact. Gupta (2013) further elaborates the need to have emotional contact expressed through facial or eye-to-eye contact as well as the use of maintaining a cordial relationship through proper tones, gaze or touch during such communication. Cohn (2007) further elaborates the need to av oid prejudgments during communication by allowing the speaker to express themselves fully without interruptions or unnecessary criticism. Moreover, there is a need to show emotional connectedness with the speaker by reflecting back to
Friday, November 1, 2019
Economic Liberalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Economic Liberalization - Essay Example Though both have now become a very successful case of FDI channeled development model but the structure of economy of these two nations are at the two ends of any of the economic theory. In China, being a one party communist state and very strong central government economic decisions are taken irrespective of what is actually the people at ground wish while in India, being a secular democratic nation with multi-party political system decisions related to economy are often taken while considering the compulsions like electoral promises and is very much populist in nature. The governments which includes both central and states are always under pressure from both opposition parties and popular public demand and many a times the decisions get affected due to this factor. At the same time, India's economic stand for more than forty years of its independence had been protective and least connected with the world (Bromley, Mackintosh, Brown & Wuyts, 2004, p. 196). Its neutral stand during t he cold war and strategic military relationship with USSR caused very less interation with western world led by USA. The country continued to pursue its independent political stand and entered 21st century, its economic structure saw extreme changes and the country now boasts of having the USA as its largest trading partner and at the same time, US has also found great interest in world's largest democracy and the recently signed nuclear treaty between the US president George Bush and Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh clearly underlines the growing interest between the two. So the new India or better to say the liberalized India post reforms presents a beautiful case where Kenneth Waltz's theory of International Relations which states that the action of a state can often get affected due to pressures being exerted by international forces and thereby limiting the options available to them(1979). The neorealist or structured model has been developed with the aim to explain the repeating patterns of state behavior and power and its extent which is the combination of its capacity to resist external influence while influencing others to behave according to its wishes (Extra Material, p. 6). The liberalization process in India began in early 1990s in the tenure of the Prime Minister P. V. Narashimha Rao under the leadership of then Finance Minister Dr. Manamohan Singh. The reform process and India's integration into world economy was widely appreciated with International Monetary Fund or the IMF calling it a long term corrective measure. The reform process which began with India signing GATT and becoming a part of WTO was widely appreciated by almost all economic quarters (Bromley et. al, 2004, p. 173). But still the opposition led by communists and the BJP were dead against the proposal. The Narashimha Rao govt. continued with his reforms though slowly while destroying the opposition unity by making non BJP opposition parties believe that the fall of the government will make way for BJP to grab power at centre. BJP at that time was regarded as a communal political party and there was a widespread fear that once coming into power this party will make solid changes to th e current political structure of India and might convert India into a single party ruled state. This fear helped the Narashimha Rao govt. to complete its full term and during this period, the Indian economy became irreversibility liberal (Bromley et. al,
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