Diagnostic Advertising Profile Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Diagnostic Advertising Profile - Research Paper Example Build a Bear Workshop targets its stuffed toys, outfits, accessories, and other reasonably priced products towards young children between the ages of 6 to 14. The primary purpose of Build-a-Bear Workshop’s advertising campaign is to persuade potential customers in the age bracket of 6 to 14. Its mascot, the Bearemy, is also an adorable looking stuffed animal especially chosen to represent its target audience which consists mainly of little children (â€Å"Our Mascot, Bearemy†, n.pag.). Its persuasive and informative advertising objective focuses on promoting people to buy their products by changing their perceptions about the product’s value. One of its commercials shows a small girl talking about how you can literally â€Å"build a bear† by buying additional accessories along with the bear to fit the child’s own linking (â€Å"Build-a-Bear Workshop Commercial†, 00:20). So far it has been successful in effectively communicating its message of creating a customized teddy bear to suit the linking of every child. Though it did experience a drop in its net income in 2007 when it failed to retain its customers (Farrell, n.pag.). Build-a-bear Workshop has sought the services of various advertising agencies over the past and seeks the promotional services so as to increase its brand awareness, help build technologically advanced retail outlets, and carry out integrated marketing. It has taken the services from agencies like Cannonball (Cannonball, n.pag.), SteadyRain, and even Samsung to put together its interactive and highly technological outlets creating superb brand recognition and value among its young customers. Its Bearville website also plays a critical role in the promotion and sales of its products online (â€Å"What is Bearville†, n.pag.). It sought the promotional services of SteadyRain in order to enhance its brand awareness online (SteadyRain, n.pag.). Since Build a Bear Workshop enables customers to buy o nline, it looked for an analysis of the company’s website. The Search Engine Optimization allowed SteadyRain to evaluate the traffic and the possible sources of organic search that yielded productive visits to the website. Its high tech outlets at various areas provide an interactive environment and digital gadgets to help the children design their customized toys (Kotler & Armstrong, 35; Olson, n.pag.). There are work stations at each stage starting from â€Å"Stuff me† where the child stuffs in fluff inside their teddy bear. The process ends with â€Å"Name me† where the bear is complete and a birth certificate is issued (Kotler & Armstrong, 35-36). Samsung has provided its services to Build a Bear Workshop to create its high tech stores containing interactive work stations and other technologies to enable the company to cater to its customers’ needs (â€Å"Case Study: Build-A Bear Workshop†, 2). Build-a-Bear Workshop’s advertising mainly uses emotional appeals to reach out their target market consisting of young children. Its television commercials often show young children and their product line of assorted teddy bears to inform its young audiences of its attractive option of customizing teddy bears. Most of advertisements aim at appealing the young children using tactics that stimulate the younger children to buy the customized teddy bears. One of its advertisements includes a young girl talking about how she can add different accessories to create her own tailored teddy bear (â€Å"

Merchant of Venice Spot Analysis Essay Example for Free

Merchant of Venice Spot Analysis Essay Although the play’s title leads readers to believe its contents to surround Antonio, rather the play surrounds a hated and despised Shylock the Jew. However, as Shakespeare so often does, several scenes are placed almost haphazardly within the conflict and turmoil building amongst the main characters. Often readers question the scenes appropriateness and necessity to the play’s progression, and struggle to create connections to the play’s main conflict and following resolution. The casket scenes regarding the betrothal of the beautiful Portia in The Merchant of Venice play the role of the sources of confusion. Although the game of caskets seemingly represents Shakespeare’s dynamics on love and marriage, the game is really a lesson in human morality, judgment, and tribulations. The lesson learned through Portia’s three suitors is invaluable to the play as well as human life. Shakespeare’s ability to recognize and understand the true nature of man is seen throughout the works of his career, and The Merchant of Venice is in essence a depiction of men judging one another superficially. The three caskets present three versions of common human rationales. As each suitor presents himself for the game, the audience is led through his thought process and ultimate decision. The first suitor, Morocco, refuses the casket of lead and claims â€Å"[a] gold mind stoops not to shows of dross. / I’ll then [neither] give nor hazard [anything] for lead† (2. 7. 20-21). Morocco will not risk anything for the mere hopes of gaining only as valuable as lead. Morocco, so far, is immensely materialistic. He next contemplates the silver casket. Morocco weighs his â€Å"value with an even hand† and decides his worth â€Å"by thy estimation / [†¦] dost deserve enough† (2. 7. 5, 26-27). Morocco’s own self-affirmation does not allow him to stoop to choose silver. Instead, he moves to the golden casket thus furthering his obvious greedy and materialistic nature. â€Å"Is’t like that lead contains her? ‘Twere damnation / [to] think so base a thought. It [is] too gross / [to] rib her cerecloth in the obscure grave† (2. 7. 49-51). Obviously unbeknownst to Morocco, lead is the metal of choice in burial, and the irony only better proves this suitor unfit. Likewise Morocco did not view silver as more precious than gold, and refuses to settle for anything second best. His vanity and greed leave him â€Å" ‘[c]old indeed, and labor lost’† as he unwisely chooses the golden casket, and a lesson in humility and Christian grace is spent (2. 7. 74). The lessons continue with the second suitor, Aragon. He quickly passes the leaden casket and moves to dismiss any affinity toward the golden casket. â€Å"I will not choose what many men desire, / Because I will not jump with common spirits / And rand me with the barbarous multitudes† (2. 9. 30-32). Wisely, Aragon knows not to simply trust the facts beheld by the eyes. He deciphers the riddle as addressing a throng of fools blinded by beauty and oblivious of anything else. However, Aragon has just all but ignored the lead casket, yet he knows â€Å"[Portia] shall look fairer [if he] give or hazard† (2. 9. 21). Aragon knows a risk begets a better reward, but he does not choose this uncertainty. However, he ascertains his own desert without doubt. The silver casket should â€Å"[let] none presume / to wear an undeserved dignity† and Aragon believes men should only receive what is deserved (2. 9. 38-39). He questions the validity of an idealistic world of rightful desert. He wonders â€Å"who shall go about / [to cheat] fortune, and be honourable / [without] the stamp of merit† (2. 9. 36-37). Aragon’s idealism does not consider the true nature of mankind. His rationality is absurdly naive, and this foolishness is all he keeps upon his departure. Bassanio, the final and probably least sincere suitor, also considers each casket before his decision. Bassanio is well aware how sinful and deceitful mankind behaves. He knows â€Å"the outward shows [appearances] be least themselves† (3. . 73). Now the reader knows outward beauties will not fool Bassanio. â€Å"How many cowards whose hearts are all as false / [as] stairs of sand, wear yet upon their chins / [the] beards of Hercules and fwoning mars, / [who], inward searched, have lives white as milk† (3. 2. 83-86) Bassanio asks himself in debate. The readers know Bassanio has spent his fortunes living an extravagant life. Assumedly, Bassanio encountered a vast variety of people in his travels and adventures, and through these experiences, he has discovered the triviality of appearances. Bassanio knows beauty is often an elaborate mask â€Å"[the] seeming truth [in] cunning times puts on / [to] entrap the wisest† (3. 2. 100-101). Bassanio eliminate his doubt and chooses the lead casket, thus ending the game and winning Portia’s hand. Bassanio’s knowledge of men and their sinfully corrupt hearts leads him to wisely solve the riddle and win the desired prize. However, Bassanio is not meant to serve as the moral winner in this game. Instead, Bassanio provides support toward Aragon’s foolishness. Bassanio is the man who undeservedly gains power and advancement. Shakespeare places these scenes within a play full of the corrupt, yet he is able to humanize and evoke sympathy for these men. Shakespeare utilizes these scenes to relay to the audience that human nature is not black and white, good or bad, right or wrong. The bad can feel the good and be intrinsically good; likewise the good often know the bad and choose the evil in the face of personal gain.

The Crucible: John Procter is the Ideal Tragic Hero Essay -- Essay on

The character of John Procter in Arthur Miller’s The Crucible was a great example of a truly tragic hero. He measured up to every one of Aristotle’s requirements. He was not a perfect person because he had many faults and was not completely good or bad. Best of all, he knew that he was not perfect and he recognized and regretted the errors that he made throughout his life. Then, after the reader stays with Procter while he confessed all of his horrible sins for the whole town to hear, he had was a massive downfall as the result. Coincidentally enough, that downfall came from his trying to do something about his errors and sticking up for himself and his beliefs. He did something great, which anyone with a heart would pity him for. Being a real and relatable character is another one of Aristotle’s tragic hero requirements and John Procter was most definitely one of those types of characters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The faults and imperfections of John Procter were clear. He was definitely not a perfect character. He cheated on his wife by having an affair with a teenager. He only went to church when he felt like it. Almost worst of all, he had the chance early in the play to put a stop to the girls' accusations, but his desire to keep his good reputation kept him from testifying against Abigail and the others. What’s great about John Procter’s character is that he realized all of his faults. Knowing that he was a bad person and that he had made mistakes, he tried to do ...

Vygotsky’s Socio Cultural Learning Applied to Teaching

VYGOTSKY’S SOCIO – CULTURAL LEARNING INTRODUCTION Who is Lev Vygotsky? Birth: Lev Vygotsky was born November 17, 1896 Death: He died June 11, 1934. Vygotsky's Early Life: Lev Vygotsky was born in Orsha, a city in the western region of the Russian Empire. He attended Moscow State University, where he graduated with a degree in law in 1917. He studied a range of topics white attending university, including sociology, linguistics, psychology and philosophy. However, his formal work in psychology did not begin until 1924 when he attended the Institute of Psychology in Moscow and began collaborating with Alexei Leontiev and Alexander Luria.Vygotsky's Career: Lev Vygotsky was a prolific writer, publishing six books on psychology topics over a ten year period. His interests were quite diverse, but often centered on topics of child development and education. He also explored such topics as the psychology of art and language development. Lev Vygotsky is considered a seminal thin ker in psychology, and much of his work is still being discovered and explored today. While he was a contemporary of Skinner, Pavlov and Piaget, his work never attained their level of eminence during his lifetime.Part of this was because his work was often criticized by the Communist Party in Russia, and so his writings were largely inaccessible to the Western world. His premature death at age 38 also contributed to his obscurity. Despite this, his work has continued to grow in influence since his death, particularly in the fields of developmental and educational psychology. http://psychology. about. com/od/profilesmz/p/vygotsky. htm What is Sociocultural Theory? http://www. docslide. com/vygotskys-sociocultural-theory/This theory stresses the interaction between developing people and the culture in which they live. Sociocultural theory states that children’s learning and cognitive development is a result of social interactions with more knowledgeable others and their culture . Children learn behavior and ways of thinking from interactions with others. Sociocultural theory is an emerging theory in psychology that looks at the important contributions that society makes to individual development. This theory stresses the interaction between developing people and the culture in which they live.Vygotsky explained areas in how social processes form learning and thinking. The areas are: * The Social Sources of Individual thinking * The role of Cultural tools in Cognitive Development * The role of Language in cognitive development We will also discuss how we can apply Vygotsky’s theory to teaching through: * Assisted learning – Scaffolding and Zone of Proximal Development. The Social Sources of Individual thinking Vygotsky believed that the social source of individual thinking is their interactions with people who are more capable or advanced in their thinking.He assumed that â€Å"every function in a child’s cultural development appears t wice. † First, it appears in an interpsychological way and then in an intrapsychological way. Interpsychological means on the social level – interaction with others. Intrapsychological means on the individual level or inside the child. Higher mental processes first come about through a co-constructed process between people during shared activities and then later on it is internalized by the learner.For example, the solving of problems during class group discussions, a student may not know how to solve the problem before but after the group discussion and the help provided by all members of the group, he is able to solve the problem on his own. In other words, the steps of solving the problem have been grasped by the individual and he is now able to solve the problem on his own. This problem solving process has been adopted by the learner and now it has become part of the learner’s cognitive development. So for Vygotsky, social interaction is not merely an influen ce on a person but also a staircase to higher mental processes.Vygotsky unlike Piaget believed that the more knowledgeable others fosters the cognitive development of children because of the children’s interactions with such people who are more advanced in thinking, experiences and behavior. These people can be their parents and their teachers. Cultural Tools and Cognitive Development mortempo. net donsmaps. com What are cultural tools? These consist of the real tools and the symbolic tools that allow people to communicate, solve problems, think and acquire new knowledge.The real cultural tools can be the abacus which is commonly used by the Chinese, rulers, printing presses, scales for measuring weight and modern tools such as what we mainly use – computers, cell phones, calendars, clocks or wrist watchers and the internet to name a few. The symbolic tools can be numbers and the mathematical system. The Roman numerals are an example of a symbolic tool that is widely u sed today. Sign language and Braille system for the blind, maps, works of art, signs and codes and language which is the most integral part of acquiring knowledge and learning which contributes greatly to cognitive development.These tools are used by adults in a day to day basis and are taught to the young and passed down to younger generations. Today, people use modern technology such as computers and the internet to find information that they need and they acquire new knowledge from such real tools. Vygotsky emphasized that these tools are what the young use to make sense of what is around them. He also believed that higher mental processes are accomplished through the help of language, signs and symbols. He concentrated mainly on language which is a common factor to all societies.The Role of language In the case of language acquisition, children learn to associate sound with meaning or actions. Talking is one of the earliest cognitive developments in a child – How a child associates the sound with an action or what something means. Another way is through private speech. Have you watched a child play with a toy and talk to himself at the same time? Studies have found that children who frequently talk to themselves at play or any other time learn challenging tasks more effectively than children who seldom use private speech.Later on in life, private speech is no more said out loud but becomes silent. For example, when trying to fix something or when you are attempting a critical thinking question do you silently talk to yourself during the process? Or when you are in bad situation some people mutter swears to themselves either out loud or in silence. These are just examples of private speech and how it relates to cognitive development. Furthermore, communication with more knowledgeable others are done through language. Here is where the role of the teacher, parents and peers comes in.They serve as guides and mentors in providing the support and informa tion that the learner needs in intellectual development. All these guidance and support is communicated through language. But we have to be mindful that not all learning takes place through talking. In some cultures, observance of a skilled performance is sufficient enough to guide the learner. For example, mat weaving, dancing, and sewing involve more observance than relating myths and legends through speech. These are some ways according to Vygotsky, in which language helps in cognitive development and learning.Implications of Vygotsky’s theory to Teaching The Zone of Proximal Developmentwww. glogster. comThis is an implication of Vygotsky’s theory. Vygotsky believed that children’s learning take place when they are working within this zone. What is this zone of proximal development? It is the level of development immediately above the present level of the learner. Tasks within this zone of proximal development are ones that a learner cannot tackle alone but o nly with temporary assistance from teachers and peers who are known to be more knowledgeable.This zone describes tasks that a learner has not yet mastered but will master later on after all the assistance that will be provided. This is where the idea of scaffolding comes in to place. Scaffoldingurpages. com. auScaffolding is the assistance provided by teachers, peers and parents to the learner. This is just the support provided to the learner at early stages but as the learner is more capable the learner is left to tackle the problem or the task alone. For example, the teacher can give problems for the students to solve.Before the students are able to solve the problems, the teacher will be assisting the students by showing them the steps that need to be taken in to consideration in solving the problem. Once that assistance is given, the teacher then leaves students to solve the problem on their own. Once a student gets the answer wrong the teacher then assists the student again. So here the teacher intervenes only when the need arises but does not solve the problems for them. Application of Vygotsky’s theory to Teachingoisbengaluru. blogspot. omTeachers should allow for group activities where more capable students are grouped together with the less capable ones. * Apply scaffolding in teaching methods so that students learn to be responsible and not be spoon fed most of the time by the teacher. * Reciprocal teaching – where the teacher starts up a discussion by asking questions on materials that require reading and then turn over the responsibility of the discussion to the students * Teacher must prepare a lesson plan which includes activities that not only can be performed individually but which involves the help of others. Allow for activities where students interact with each other such as games, group work, class picnics and social nights etc. This will help develop their social skills and self-confidenceConclusionIn conclusion, Vygotskyâ₠¬â„¢s theory is widely practiced today. He believed that children learn through their interactions with more skillful people – this can be their peers, parents and teachers. He also believed that culture shapes the mind of people and their view towards what is around them.Cultural tools help people make sense of the world in which they live. Language is one such tool in which contributes greatly to cognitive development. Providing the idea of scaffolding in teaching will help students to be responsible independent learners. Therefore, taking in to consideration Vygotsky’s theory will help us as future teachers to be aware of what teaching methods that we should implement and how we should deal with students effectively in regards to their learning and task performance and also how to enhance their social skills. | | Reference * Slavin, R, ‘Educational Psychology – Theory and Practice,’ 7ed(2003), Pearson Education Limited, USA, pgs 43-47. * Woolwort h, A, ‘Educational Psychology,’8ed(2001), Allyn and Bacon, Pearson Education Co, USA, pgs 44-51 * https://sites. google. com/site/jfielportfolio/philosophystatement * www. docslide. com * http://psychology. about. com/od/profilesmz/p/vygotsky. htm * www. glogster. com * www. donsmaps. com * www. oisbengaluru. blogspot. com * www. urpages. com. au * Lecture notes

John Winthrop “a Model of Christian Charity” (1630)

John Winthrop â€Å"A Model of Christian Charity† (1630) Daisha A. Powell South University John Winthrop â€Å"A Model of Christian Charity† (1630) The Puritans had different beliefs from the Pilgrims in which they jilted separatism postulating the Anglican Church could be saved. They wanted to build churches to function as models for the English Church. John Winthrop on the eve of the puritans’ settlement of Massachusetts Bay wanted to have a structure of government and social order already established.John Winthrop stated that the only way order and success of a colony is rooted in a belief in God, communal covenant and the mindset the life of hard work is God’s plan. First, John Winthrop believes that life itself was predestined and with conformity and belief in God and his almighty power and glory, preservation lies within. Secondly, all men are equal and no one is more honorable, more wealthy, or superior to another. All men shall be tight knit in the bond of brotherly love.Thirdly, bound by an agreement between God in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior in return, man has a choice. By choosing to live by God’s word man will continue to be blessed with countless blessings but deciding to live life outside of this covenant God will break out in wrath as an act of revenge. John Winthrop goes on to say that man must work as one, entertain one another, and be willing to help each other with meekness, gentleness, patience, and liberality.He views his community as one of the same body and so when one person suffers everyone suffers or supply that person with some sort of relief. By keeping the unity in the bond of peace the Lord will be pleased with their actions and they would see much more of his omnipotent power, wisdom, and goodness. John Winthrop believes that they will have a new profound belief that God is among them when ten of them will be able to resist a thousand of their enemies. He consis tently prompted his people of heir mission and encouraged them to satisfy their divine obligation to become a beacon of godliness for all mankind, and that they should be as â€Å"a city upon a hill† (Stone, 2012). They will witness things unheard of and become a testimony to others, believers and non-believers. These testimonies will serve as proof of God’s existence and of his power. In conclusion, man should love, worship, serve, and obey the Lord as well as love one another, walk in His ways, live by His commandments, ordinance, laws, and by the covenant.By cleaving to God, he will give an abundance of blessings to life’s pleasures and profits. This commitment to God ensures a life of prosperity.References Goldfield, D. (2011). The American Journey: A History of the United States. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Stone, P. (2012, October). Worlds Apart, Translation and Adaption 1600-1685. The American Journey. Lecture conducted from South University, N ovi, Michigan.

Political Campaign Contribution Laws for Individuals

Political Campaign Contribution Laws for Individuals If you decide to contribute to a political candidate, you should know that the Federal Campaign Finance Law places legal limits on how much and what you can give. Representatives of the candidates campaign committee should be aware of these laws and inform you of them. But, just in case... The Federal Election Commission (FEC) has released the campaign contribution limits for individual private citizens for the 2019-2020 election cycle, including the presidential election on November 3, 2020. The per-calendar year limits became effective on January 1, 2019. The amount an individual can contribute to a candidate for each election was increased to $2,800 per election, up from $2,700. Since each primary and the general election count as separate elections, individuals may give $5,600 per candidate per cycle.   The following chart shows more details on the FEC campaign contribution limits for individuals in 2019 and 2020: An individual may contribute to †¦ Federal Candidates $2,800 per election National party committees- main account $35,500 per year National party committees- convention account (RNC and DNC only) $106,500 per year National party committees- party building account $106,500 per year National party committees- legal fund account $106,500 per year State or local party committees’ federal accounts $10,000 per year Federal PACs $5,000 per year Note: Contributions to the three national party special accounts (convention, building, and legal) can be used only to pay for expenses related to presidential nominating conventions, headquarters buildings of the party, and election recounts, contests, and other legal proceedings. Note: Married couples are considered to be separate individuals with separate contribution limits. Notes on Contributions to Presidential Campaigns The contribution limits work a little differently for presidential campaigns. You can contribute a total of up to $2,800 to presidential candidates running in state primaries, but the donation is for the entire primary election period. You cannot donate $2,800 for each state primary in which the candidate is running.A portion of your contribution may qualify to be matched by the federal government. If a candidate running in a primary election has qualified for the federal matching fund program, up to $250 of your total contributions to that candidate may be matched with federal funds. To qualify for federal matching, your contribution must be made in written form, such as a check. Contributions such as currency, loans, goods and services, and any type of contribution from a political committee do not qualify for federal matching.  In the general election, however, you may not make any contributions to the campaigns of Democratic or Republican nominees who receive Federal funds. Can anybody contribute? Certain individuals, businesses, and associations are prohibited from making contributions to Federal candidates or political action committees (PACs). Foreign nationals may not contribute to any candidate or party in any Federal, state, or local election in the United States. Foreign citizens who have permanent US residency status (posses a green card) are allowed to contribute according to the same laws as American citizens.Federal contractors individuals or businesses under contract to provide goods or services to the Federal government are prohibited from contributing to candidates or parties in Federal elections.Corporations and Labor Unions are also prohibited from contributing. This law applies to all incorporated organizations, profit or non-profit. Business owners are not allowed to make contributions from their business accounts. Although corporations and labor organizations may not make contributions or expenditures in connection with federal elections, they may establish PACs.Cash in any amount over $100 is prohibited.Contributions in the name of another person are not permitted. Note: Parents may not make contribut ions in the names of their children. Persons under 18 may contribute, but must do so willingly, under their own names, and with their own money. What constitutes a contribution? Besides checks and currency, the FEC considers ...anything of value given to influence a Federal election to be a contribution. Note that this does not include volunteer work. As long as you are not compensated for it, you can perform an unlimited amount of volunteer work. Donations of food, beverages, office supplies, printing or other services, furniture, etc. are considered in-kind contributions, so their value counts against contribution limits. Important: Questions should be directed to the Federal Election Commission in Washington, DC: 800/424-9530 (toll-free) or 202/694-1100.

Crim Essay Example

Crim Essay Example Crim Essay Crim Essay Modelo AS-29 (Rev. Dic. 2005) Form AS-29 (Rev. Dec. 2005) Liquidador Reviewer Fecha Date IMPORTANTE: ESTA PLANILLA DEBERA RADICARSE EN O ANTES DEL 15 DE MAYO. IMPORTANT: THIS TAX RETURN SHOULD BE FILLED NO LATER THAN MAY 15TH. PLANILLA DEBE SER RADICADA EN ORIGINAL Y NO GRAPADA. RETURN MUST BE FILLED IN ORIGINAL AND NOT STAPLED ESTADO LIBRE ASOCIADO DE PUERTO RICO COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO CENTRO DE RECAUDACION DE INGRESOS MUNICIPALES Corrector Fecha Date MUNICIPAL REVENUE COLLECTION CENTER Planilla Mueble Enmendada Amended Personal Tax Return ReturnPage 2 2 PLANILLA DE CONTRIBUCION SOBRE LA PROPIEDAD MUEBLE PERSONAL PROPERTY TAX RETURN R-3 0 ANO / YEAR SELLO DE PAGO PAYMENT STAMP Investigador Field Audited by Fecha Date T P D R-1 R-2 SOLICITUD DE EXONERACION CONTRIBUTIVA REQUEST FOR TAX EXONERATION Num. Cuenta (Seg. Soc. ) / Account No. (Soc. Sec. ) Nombre del Contribuyente / Taxpayers Name Nombre y Apellidos del Conyuge (Para casos de individuos solamente) Name and Last Name of Spouse (In case of individual only) ZIP CODE FECHA DE INICIO DE OPERACIONES DATE BEGAN OPERATIONS Dia / Day Mes / Month Ano / Year Num. Cuenta (Seg. Soc. ) / Account No. (Soc. Sec. ) Direccion Postal / Postal Address Municipio / Municipality Localizacion Industria o Negocio Principal Numero, Calle y Pueblo Location of Principal Industry or Business Number, Street and City Tel. Negocio / Business Phone _____ _____ _____ FECHA DE RECIBO DATE RECEIVED PARA USO OFICIAL / OFFICIAL USE Nombre del Negocio / Business Name SI / YES NO Cambio Direccion / Address Change Contribuyente Nuevo / New Taxpayer MUNICIPIO MUNICIPALITY CODIGO CODE (Vease Instrucciones Planilla) (See Tax Return Instructions) SI / YES NO CLASE DE CONTRIBUYENTE Y CODIGOS / TYPE OF TAXPAYER AND CODES 1. INDIVIDUO (I) INDIVIDUAL (I) CORPORACION (C) CORPORATION (C) 3. SOCIEDAD (S) PARTNERSHIP (S) COOPERATIVA (P) COOPERATIVE (P) 5. SUCESION (U) ESTATE (U) FIDEICOMISO (F) TRUST (F) 7. OTROS (O) OTHERS (O) 2. 4. 6. INDIQUE NATURALEZA DEL NEGOCIO / INDICATE KIND OF BUSINESS GRUPO I COMERCIAL GROUP I COMMERCIAL GRUPO II INDUSTRIAL GROUP II INDUSTRIAL GRUPO III V SERVICIOS GROUP III V SERVICES GRUPO IV AGRICULTURA GROUP IV AGRICULTURE GRUPO VI NEGOCIOS MIXTOS GROUP VI MIXED BUSINESS Dia / Day ESPECIFIQUE NATURALEZA DE NEGOCIO / SPECIFY KIND OF BUSINESS FECHA DE RECIBO DATE RECEIVED Mes / Month Ano / Year _____ _____ _____ PARA USO OFICIAL SOLAMENTE FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY LOS PAGOS POR CORREO SE ENVIARAN A LA SIGUIENTE DIRECCION: PAYMENTS SENT BY MAIL SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO: $ , , . CENTRO DE RECAUDACION DE INGRESOS MUNICIPALES MUNICIPAL REVENUE COLLECTION CENTER DIA / DAY MES / MONTH ANO / YEAR Pagado con esta Planilla / Paid with this Return PO Box 195387 San Juan, Puerto Rico 00919-5387 $ , , . Pagado con Prorroga Automatica / Paid with Automatic Extension 0 FECHA DE RADICACION / DATE SUBMITTED (www. crimpr. net) 2006 2979 Modelo AS-29 (Rev. Dic. 2005) Form AS-29 (Rev. Dec. 2005) IF PERSONAL PROPERTY IS OWNED IN MORE THAN ONE MUNICIPALITY OMIT ITEMS 1 THRU 6 AND GO TO ITEM 7, (B) OF SCHEDULE A. Planilla Mueble / Pagina 2 Personal Tax Return / Page 2 SI POSEE PROPIEDAD MUEBLE EN MAS DE UN MUNICIPIO OMITA LAS PARTIDAS 1 A LA 6 Y PROCEDA DIRECTAMENTE A LA PARTIDA 7, (B) DEL ENCASILLADO A. Num. Cuenta (Seg. Soc. ) / Account No. (Soc. Sec. ) 1. VALORACION TOTAL (Encasillado C) TOTAL VALUATION (Schedule C). 2. MENOS: VALORACION EXENTA (Partida 4, Encasillado G) LESS: EXEMPT VALUATION (Item 4, Schedule G).. , , , , , , , , , , 00 $ $ $ $ $ 00 3. VALORACION BRUTA GROSS VALUATION 0 4. MENOS: VALORACION EXONERADA (Partida 2, Encasillado H) LESS: EXONERATED VALUATION (Item 2, Schedule H) 00 5. VALORACION SUJETA A CONTRIBUCION VALUATION SUBJECT TO TAX. 6. MUNICIPIO MUNICIPALITY CODIGO CODE (Vease Instrucciones Planilla) (See Tax Return Instructions) (Vease Instrucciones Planilla) (See Tax Return Instructions). 0 TIPO CONTRIBUTIVO TAX RATE_____________________________________________________ 7. CONTRIBUCION DETERMINADA (Seleccione solo una alternativa) TAX DETERMINED (Select only one Alternative) . ENCASILLADO A / SCHEDULE A A) PROPIEDAD EN UN SOLO MUNICIPIO (Multiplique la partida 5 por la 6 de este Encasillado) PROPERTY IN ONLY ONE MUNICIPALITY (Multiply item 5 by item 6 this schedule) B) PROPIEDAD EN MAS DE UN MUNICIPIO. Especif ique Cantidad ________ (Incluya Modelo AS. 29. 1, Vease Linea 79) PROPERTY IN MORE THAN ONE MUNICIPALTY. Specify Quantity ________ (Include Form AS. 9. 1. I, See Line 79) 8. MENOS 5% DESCUENTO (Determine el 5% de la partida 7 si paga total y no mas tarde del 15 de mayo) LESS 5% DISCOUNT (Compute 5% of item 7 if payment in full and not later than may 15). $ $ $ $ , , , , , , , , . . . . 9. MAS: A) Intereses___________________ B) Recargos___________________ C) Penalidad____________________ PLUS: Interest Surcharges Penalty 10. ESTA ES SU RESPONSABILIDAD CONTRIBUTIVA (Reste o sume las lineas 8 o 9 de la linea 7) TAX LIABILITY (Substract or add item 8 or 9 from line 7). 11. MENOS: IMPORTE PAGADO LESS: AMOUNT PAID A) CON ESTA PLANILLA WITH THIS RETURN B) CON PRORROGA AUTOMATICA WITH AUTOMATIC EXTENSION $ $ , , , , , . . , C) CREDITO POR PAGO EN EXCESO DE ANOS ANTERIORES CREDIT FOR TAX OVERPAID OF PRECEDING YEARS $ (SOMETA EVIDENCIA) (INCLUDE EVIDENCE) . $ , , , , . . 12. BALANCE (No mayor de cero para acogerse al descuento. Si el balance es negativo traslade a partida 13 de este encasillado) BALANCE (No greater than zero in order to be entitled to the discount. If balance is negative tranfer it to item 13 of this schedule) 13. CONTRIBUCION PAGADA EN EXCESO AMOUNT OF TAX OVERPAID A) ACREDITAR A LA CONTRIBUCION DEL ANO 20____ , _______________________________________________ TO BE CREDIT TO TAX FOR B) A REINTEGRAR__________________________________________________ _______ TO BE REFUNDED $ $ , , . (www. crimpr. net) 2006 2979 Modelo AS-29 (Rev. Dic. 2005) Form AS-29 (Rev. Dec. 2005) COMPUTOS GANANCIA BRUTA GROSS PROFIT COMPUTATION Planilla Mueble / Pagina 3 Personal Tax Return / Page 3 Num. Cuenta (Seg. Soc. ) / Account No. (Soc. Sec. ) ANO FINALIZADO EN __________ 20 _____ YEAR ENDED $ 00 VENTAS BRUTAS O INGRESOS POR SERVICIOS GROSS SALES OR INCOME FROM SERVICES ENCASILLADO B / SCHEDULE B MENOS / LESS: Descuentos en ventas Discount on sales.. $ Devoluciones y rebajas en ventas Sales returns and allowances.. $ Otros / Others_____________________ $ 00 00 00 $ 00 VENTAS NETAS O INGRESOS POR SERVICIOS / NET SALES OR INCOME FROM SERVICES.. MENOS / LESS: COSTO DE VENTAS / COST OF GOOD SOLD: Inventario Inicial / Beginning Inventory $ Mas / Plus: Compras Netas / Net Purchases: $ Sub-Total. $ Menos / Less: Inventario Final / Ending Inventory $ $ , 00 00 00 00 , , 00 COSTO DE VENTAS / COST OF GOOD SOLD INGRESO BRUTO (Ventas Netas menos Costo de Ventas) GROSS PROFIT ON SALES(Net Sales less Cost of Good Sold) $ $ , , 00 00 Costo de Ventas / Cost of Sales Ventas / Sales Costo de las ventas / Cost of Sales: (____________________________ ? ________________________) igual al / equal _______% para usarse / to be used en la columna (3) Ventas al Costo, Seccion 2 del Modelo AS-29. 3 / in column (3) Sales at Cost, Section 2, Form AS-29. 3. I RESUMEN DE VALORACION DE LA PROPIEDAD TRIBUTABLE, EXENTA Y EXONERADA VALUATION SUMMARY OF TAXABLE, EXEMPT AND EXONERATED PROPERTY ENCASILLADO C / SCHEDULE C 1. Efectivo en caja / Cash on Hand . Inversiones / Investments. . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3. Inventarios / Inventories. 4. Materiales y Efectos / Materials and Supplies. 5. Maquinaria y Equipo / Machinery and Equipment. 6. Mejoras / Improvements 7. Cualquier Otra Propiedad Tributable / Any Other Taxable Property TOTAL (Traslade al Encasillado A, partida 1 o al Modelo AS-29-1, Columna 2, segun sea el caso) TOTAL (Transfer to Schedule A, item 1 or Form AS-29-1. I, Column 2, as the case may be ) ENCASILLADO D / SCHEDULE D PROPIEDAD MUEBLE SUJETA A CONTRIBUCION PERTENECIENTE A OTROS EN PODER DEL CONTRIBUYENTE, SUMINISTRE DESGLOSE (Propiedad arrendada, Inventarios consignados, etc. ) TAXABLE PERSONAL PROPERTY BELONGING TO OTHERS IN HAND OF THE TAXPAYER, COMPLETE FOLLOWING SCHEDULE (Leased property, consigned inventories, etc) Clase de Propiedad / Type of Property Dueno y Direccion / Owner and Address $ $ $ Valor de la Propiedad / Value of Property Arrendada o en Consignacion / Leased or Consigned ENCASILLADO E / SCHEDULE E INFORMACION MANDATORIA PARA CORPORACIONES / MANDATORY INFORMATION FOR CORPORATIONS INFORMACION ADICIONAL: Numero de Acciones Comunes _______________ y Preferidas _______________ Poseidas por Residentes en P. R. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Number of Common Share _______________ and Preferred _______________ Owned by Puerto Rico residents. Nombre de Directores y Oficiales Name of Officers and Directors Capacidad Oficial Official Title Direccion Postal Postal Address Num. No. Calle Street Fecha de Expiracion del Termino Date of Expiration of Terms (www. crimpr. net) 2006 2979 Modelo AS-29 (Rev. Dic. 005) Form AS-29 (Rev. Dec. 2005) JURAMENTOS / OATHS Planilla Mueble / Pagina 4 Personal Tax Return / Page 4 Num. Cuenta (Seg. Soc. ) / Account No. (Soc. Sec. ) I- INDIVIDUOS, SUCESIONES, FIDEICOMISOS Y OTROS CONTRIBUYENTES O AGENTES EN SU CARACTER INDIVIDUAL O REPRESENTATIVO INDIVIDUALS, ESTATES, TRUSTS AND OTHER TAXPAYER OR AGENTS AS AN INDIVIDUAL OR REPRESENTATIVE CHARACTER Declaro bajo las penalidades de perjurio que he examinado esta planilla, incluyendo los Estados Financieros y Anejos que se acompanan, y que segun mi mejor informacion y creencia, es cierta, correcta y completa. I declare under the penalties of perjury that this return, including any accompanying schedules and statements, has been examined by me and to my best knowledge and belief is a true, correct and complete return. Nombre en letra de molde / Print name Fecha / Date Firma del Contribuyente o Agente / Signature of Taxpayer or Agent Direccion del Agente / Address of Agent II- CORPORACIONES, SOCIEDADES Y COOPERATIVAS CORPORATIONS, PARTNERSHIPS AND COOPERATIVES ENCASILLADO F / SCHEDULE F NOSOTROS, los infrascritos, presidente (o vicepresidente u otro oficial principal) y tesorero (o tesorero auxiliar), o agente de la corporacion o socio gestor o agente de la sociedad a nombre de la cual se hace esta planilla, separada y debidamente juramentada, cada uno por si declara que esta Planilla de Contribucion sobre Propiedad Mueble (incluyendo los anejos y estados que le acompanan) ha sido examinada por el y es, segun su mejor informacion y creencia, una planilla exacta, correcta y completa para el ano contributivo indicado, hecha de buena fe, de acuerdo con las disposiciones de la Ley Num. 3 de agosto de 1991, segun enmendada y los Reglamentos promulgados para su ejecucion. WE, the undersigned, president, (or vicepresident or other principal officer) and treasurer or (assistant treasurer), or agent of the corporation or managing partner or agent of the partnership for which this return is made, being severally duly sworn, each for himself deposes and says that this return ( including any accompanying schedules and statements) has been examined by him and is, to the best of his knowledge and belief, a true, correct, and complete return, made in good faith, for the taxable year stated, pursuant to Act. 3 of August 30, 1991, as amended, and the Regulations issued thereunder. Presidente o Vice-Presidente o Socio Gestor President or Vice-President or Managing Partner (Indique Titulo) (State Title) Tesorero o Tesorero Auxiliar Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer (Indique titulo) (State Title) Agente / Agent Affidavit Num. / No. Jurado y suscrito ante mi por Sworn and subscribe before me by , mayor de edad, de ocupacion of legal age, occupation y vecino de SELLO NOTARIAL NOTARIAL SEAL and resident of , y por and by , mayor de edad, de ocupacion of legal age, occupation y vecino de and resident of personalmente conocidos por mi, en ersonally known to me, at , Puerto Rico, a Puerto Rico, this de day of de 20 of 20 Titulo Oficial / Official Title Firma del Oficial que toma el juramento Signature of Officer Administering Oath III- INDIVIDUOS, SOCIEDADES, COOPERATIVAS, SUCESIONES, FIDEICOMISOS O CORPORACIONES PREPARADOR Y/O REVISADOR INDIVIDUALS, PARTNERSHIPS, COOPERATIVES, ESTATES, TRUSTS, OR CORPORATIONS PREPARER AND / OR REVIEWER Declaro bajo las penalidades de perjurio que he examinado esta planilla, incluyendo los Estados Financieros y Anejos que se acompanan, y que segun mi mejor informacion y creencia,es cierta, correcta y completa. I declare under the penalties of perjury that this return, including any accompanying schedules and statements, has been examined by me and to my best knowledge and belief is a true, correct and complete return. Nombre del Negocio (o el suyo propio, si es patrono independiente) / Businesss name (or yours if self employed) Direccion (Numero, Calle y Pueblo) / Address (Number, Street and City) Zip Code Numero de Seguro Social / Social Security Number ESTAMPILLA DEL COLEGIO DE CPA CPA STAMP Marque si es patrono independiente Check if self employed Preparador / Preparer: Revisador / Reviewer: Fecha / Date Firma del Revisador / Signature of Reviewer Licencia Num. / License No. Fecha / Date Firma del Preparador / Signature of Preparer (www. crimpr. net) 2006 2979 Modelo AS-29 (Rev. Dic 2005) Form AS-29 (Rev. Dec 2005) Planilla Mueble / Pagina 5 Personal Tax Return / Page 5 Num. Cuenta (Seg. Soc. ) / Account No. (Soc. Sec. ) VALORACION EXENTA EXEMPT VALUATION DECRETO NUM. __________________ DECREE NO. 1. Ley Num. 57 del 13 de junio de 1963, segun enmendada Act. No. 57 of June 13, 1963, as amended FECHA DE EFECTIVIDAD_______________________ FECHA DE EXPIRACION __________________ EFFECTIVE DATE EXPIRATION DATE A) Valoracion totalmente exenta Totally Exempt Valuation.. (IN57T) $ (IN57P) 00 00 00 00 $ B) Valoracion sujeta a exencion parcial Valuation subject to partial exemption.. C) Porciento de exencion (Vease Decreto) Percentage of exemption (Refer to Decree) D) Valoracion exenta (Multiplique partida 1 B por 1 C) Exempt Valuation (Multiply item 1 B by 1 C). ENCASILLADO G / SCHEDULE G E) Total de Exencion (Partidas 1 A + 1 D). Total Exemption (Items 1 A + 1 D) 00 2. Ley Num. 26 del 2 de junio de 1978, segun enmendada y Ley Num. 8 del 24 de enero de 1987, segun sea el caso Act. No. 26 of June 2 1978, as amended and Act. No. 8 of January 24, 1987 as the case may be DECRETO NUM. __________________ DECREE NO. FECHA DE EFECTIVIDAD_______________________ EFFECTIVE DATE FECHA DE EXPIRACION __________________ EXPIRATION DATE A) Valoracion total cubierta por decreto (Vease Instrucciones Planilla) Total valuation covered by decree (See Tax Return Instructions) B) Menos exencion Sec. 3 (b) (4) No aplica a la Ley Num. 8 del 24 de enero de 1987 Less exemption Sec. 3 (b) (4) Do not apply to Act. No. 8 of January 24, 1987 (IN26T) $ 00 00 00 00 00 $ $ INC8P) o / or (IN26P) C) Valoracion sujeta a exencion parcial Valuation subject to partial exemption .. D) Porciento de exencion (Vease decreto) Percentage of exemption (Refer to decree).. E) Valoracion exenta (Multiplique partida 2 C por 2 D) Exempt Valuation (Multiply items 2 C by 2 D). F) Total de Exencion (Partidas 2 B + 2 E) Total of Exemption (Items 2 B + 2 E).. . Otras exenciones (Especifique) Others Exemptions (Specify)__________________________________________________________ 4. Valoracion exenta. [Su me las partidas 1 E + 2 F +3 y traslade al Encasillado A, partida 2 o al Modelo AS-29. 1, columna 3 en la linea correspondiente al municipio con derecho a exencion, segun sea el caso] Exempt Valuation. [Add the items 1 E + 2 F + 3 and transfer to Schedule A, Item 2 or Form AS-29. 1. I, column 3 on the line

Creative Writing How to Get Started with Creative Writing [+ 9 Exercises]

Creative Writing How to Get Started with Creative Writing [+ 9 Exercises] Creative Writing: How to Get Started with Creative Writing [+ 9 Exercises] Creative writing is one of those skills you can eternally get better at.Now, were not saying your creative writing is bad necessarily, but just that if you want to continue to push yourself in this industry, youll need some work.You might not like to face that truth, but it is indeed a truth. I’ll go into more detail about that in a little bit but every writer out there needs some writing tips to help them get better.And one of the best ways to get better at creative writing is to first learn and understand the craft of it, and then challenge yourself by completing writing exercises.Heres what youll learn about creative writing:What is creative writing?Creative writing topicsElements of creative writingExamples of creative writing9 powerful creative writing exercisesNOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Fiction Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereWhat is Creative Writing?Creative w riting is a form of writing where creativity is at the forefront of its purpose through using imagination, creativity, and innovation in order to tell a story through strong written visuals with an emotional impact. It’s often seen as the opposite of journalistic or academic writing.When it comes to writing, there are many different types. As you already know, all writing does not read in the same way.Creative writing uses senses and emotions in order to create a strong visual in the reader’s mind whereas other forms of writing typically only leave the reader with facts and information instead of emotional intrigue.Creative Writing TopicsIf you’re looking for a few creative writing topics to dive into (which you’ll need if you’re going to use some of our top writing exercises), we have exactly what you need.These are our top creative writing prompts all compiled for you.Just fill out the form below and your writing prompts will be delivered promptl y! What are the Elements of Creative Writing?In order to get better at creative writing, you have to understand the elements of what makes writing a book great.You can’t build a car engine without understanding how each part plays a role, right? That’s the same case with writing.Here are the elements that make up creative writing and why each is just as important as the other.Unique Plot What differentiates creative writing and other forms of writing the most is the fact that the former always has a plot of some sort and a unique one. Yes, remakes are also considered creative writing, however, most creative writers create their own plot formed by their own unique ideas. Without having a plot, there’s no story.And without a story, you’re really just writing facts on paper, much like a journalist.Character development Characters are necessary for creative writing. While you can certainly write a book creatively using the second person point of view (which Iâ⠂¬â„¢ll cover below), you still have to develop the character in order to tell the story.Character development can be defined as the uncovering of who a character is and how they change throughout the duration of your story. From start to end, readers should be able to understand your main characters deeply.Underlying themeAlmost every story out there has an underlying theme or message even if the author didn’t necessarily intend for it to. But creative writing needs that theme or message in order to be complete. That’s part of the beauty of this form of art. By telling a story, you can also teach lessons.Visual descriptions When you’re reading a newspaper, you don’t often read paragraphs of descriptions depicting the surrounding areas of where the events took place. Visual descriptions are largely saved for creative writing.You need them in order to help the reader understand what the surroundings of the characters look like. This pulls readers in and a llows them to imagine themselves in the characters’ shoes which is the reason people read.Point of view There are a few points of views you can write in. That being said, the two that are most common in creative writing are first person and third person.First Person In this point of view, the narrator is actually the main character. This means that you will read passages including, â€Å"I† and understand that it is the main character narrating the story.Second Person Most often, this point of view isn’t used in creative writing, but rather instructional writing like this blog post. When you see the word â€Å"you† and the narrator is speaking directly to you, it’s second person point of view.Third Person Within this point of view are a few different variations. You have third person limited, third person multiple, and third person omniscient. The first is what you typically find.Third person limiteds narrator uses â€Å"he/she/they† wh en speaking about the character you’re following. They know that character’s inner thoughts and feelings but nobody else’s. It’s much like first person, but instead of the character telling the story, a narrator takes their place.Third person multiple is the same as limited except that the narrator now knows the inner thoughts and feelings of several characters.The last, third person omniscient, is when the narrator still uses â€Å"he/she/they† but has all of the knowledge. They know everything about everyone.Dialogue While non-creative writing can have dialogue (like in interviews), that dialogue is not used in the same way as it is in creative writing. Creative writing (aside from silent films) requires dialogue to support the story.Your characters should interact with one another in order to further the plot and development each other more.Imaginative language Part of what makes creative writing creative is the way you choose to craft the visio n in your mind. And that means creative writing uses more anecdotes, metaphors, similes, figures of speech, and other comparisons in order to paint a vivid image in the reader’s mind.Emotional appeal All writing can have emotional appeal. However, it’s the entire goal of creative writing. Your job as a writer is to make people feel how you want them to by telling them a story.Examples of Creative WritingSince creative writing covers such a wide variety of writing, we wanted to break down the different types of creative writing out there to help you make sense of it. You may know that novels are considered creative writing, but what about memoirs?Here are examples of creative writing:NovelsShort storiesPoetryPlaysMemoirs TV show scriptsMovei scriptssongsspeeches9 Creative Writing Exercises to Improve Your WritingWriting is just like any other skill. You have to work at it in order to get better.It’s also much like other skills because the more you do it, the stro nger you become in it. That’s why exercising your creative writing skills is so important.The best authors out there, including Stephen King, recommend writing something every single day. These writing exercises will help you accomplish that and improve your talent immensely.Have you checked out our fiction writing and self-publishing program? Learn more about it here#1 Describe your day with creative writingThis is one of my favorite little exercises to keep my writing sharp and in shape.Just like with missing gym sessions, the less you write, the more of that skill you lose. Hannah Lee Kidder, a very talented author and Youtuber, gave me this writing exercise and I have used it many times.Creative Writing Exercise:All you have to do is sit down and describe your day starting with waking up as if you were writing it about another person. Use your creative writing skills to bring life to even the dullest moments, like showering or brushing your teeth.#2 Description Depict ion If you’re someone who struggles with writing descriptions or you just want to get better in general, this exercise will help you do just that and quickly.In order to improve your descriptions, you have to write them with a specific intention.With this exercise, the goal is to write your description with the goal of showing the reader as much as you can about your character without ever mentioning them at all.Creative Writing Exercise:For this one, craft a character in your mind. It can be one you already created or a completely new one.Pick 5 key qualities about them you want to highlight within your description. Then, without ever mentioning the character at all, describe either their living room or their bedroom to meet that goal.#3 Edit your old writingBelieve it or not, editing does count as writing and can actually sharpen those creative writing skill more than you think.It can be a little scary to pull up a story you wrote last week or even two years ago and tear it apart. But that’s exactly what I want you to do.Check out this video of me editing my old writing in order to replace weak verbs with stronger, better ones to get a taste of what this can look like and how it can help you get better. #4 Voice VariationsOne of my favorite parts of writing is giving unique voices to each character. I believe that’s what truly brings them to live. Their dialogue as the power to pull readers in, or push them out of the book completely.Obviously, you want the former.During this creative writing exercise, your focus will be to pick 4 different emotional states and write dialogue and narrative of how your character feels and interprets those feelings.Creative Writing Exercise:For this one, craft a character in your mind. It can be one you already created or a completely new one.Choose your 4 emotional states and get creative. You can choose sadness, anger, happiness, and excitement BUT you can also go a bit further and choose to use drun k, flirty, terrified, and eager.After you have 4 emotional states, write one page of each using dialogue and narrative your character would use.#5 Single SensesCreating strong visuals is one of the most powerful ways to become a great creative writer. In fact, practicing this will help you craft books that really hook readers.This exercise’s goal is to help you develop writing the senses in ways that not only make sense, but are also imaginative and unique.#6 Dialogue DestructionDuring this exercise, you will learn a lot about how to shape a scene using entirely dialogue.Now, this isn’t something you’ll always do in your writing, but it’s very important to know how to move a scene forward using dialogue if you need to.This will also help you understand how to show and not tell in creative writing.Creative Writing Exercise:To start, choose a scene you wrote previously that has little to no dialogue, but is still very important.Next, rewrite the entire th ing using dialogue (including dialogue tags and body language descriptions). You will quickly become better at using dialogue to show and not tell.#7 Tell the origin story of the Tooth FairyThis writing exercise will really help you think creatively about something a large part of the world knows about.However, you have to think of a very unique, interesting way of presenting this common idea. The purpose of this is to help you dig deeper within your own story and plot in order to come up with the very best, most unique ideas because that is what will stand out in your book.Creative Writing Exercise:Begin this story like you would any other. Develop who the very first Tooth Fairy is and understand their character. Then, start creating a backstory that coincides with how they ended up becoming the tooth fairy.Write this in full, ending with the Tooth Fairy taking their first tooth.#8 Thematic AtticThis is a fun one! The idea behind this creative writing exercise is to focus on int erpreting themes through story.Since all creative writing has an underlying theme behind it, it’s really important for you to be able to accurately depict that theme throughout the story you’re telling.Otherwise, it can get lost. Not knowing the theme can often leave readers feeling unsatisfied and rightfully so.Creative Writing Exercise:For this exercise, pick an overarching theme you want to focus on. This can be anything from equality to the difference between right and wrong.Next, craft a short story with the setting being and do your best to make sure that theme shines throughGet creative! Your attic can even contain a portal to another dimension if you really want it to.#9 Break Language BarriersThis isn’t quite what you think it is. So no, we will not be creating new languages with this exercise.Instead, we’ll be working on using unique language to describe very common, everyday occurrences and experiences.One of the beauties of creative writing is that you have the power to change the way someone sees the world. You can make it more appealing and special to them if you know how.This exercise will help you develop the skill of using a unique narrative within your story.Creative Writing Exercise:In this creative writing exercise, you’ll start by reading. You can read a new book or even some of your old writing.Highlight or copy sentences or paragraphs you think are very common experiences that most everyone in the world knows of. For example: the sunset, brushing your teeth, looking up at the sky.Your job is to rewrite these experiences in the most unique way you can using visuals that you don’t normally see in writing.Here’s an example:BEFORE The sun set beyond the trees.AFTER The trees tucked the sun in for the night.[su_box title=Creative Writing Exercise box_color=#112947 title_color=#ffffff radius=0][/su_box]Turn Your Creative Writing Idea into a Novel PUBLISH!Now that youre more ready than ever to produce a high quality book, its time to take action.

Online Article Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Online Article - Assignment Example Herzberg’s two factor theory suggests that there are specific factors that lead to a person’s satisfaction or dissatisfaction with their work environment. These factors can motivate someone to stay in a job or look to find another one. Stress is a common process that many people go through on a daily basis. Often this happens as the result of everyday challenges that people get used to after some time. In some cases, when stress happens because of some physical trauma or from combat, the stress can become a condition known as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be something that a person deals with on a daily basis that effects their home life and they may suffer from it in their workplace. The three topics for this paper were chosen because they all have some factor that can be presented to managers in some way. Job satisfaction is very important today as people continue to seek new jobs and managers are looking to hire the best people in the job. Also, lea rning style can play a role in developing opportunities for people and can determine the types of jobs an individual decides to apply for on a regular basis. Knowing ones learning style and how they take in information can present more opportunity for moving forward in their life. Learning Styles (Auditory,Visual or Kinesthetic) [VAK] There are many learning styles but the VAK system pays particular attention to the auditory, visual or kinesthetic aspects of learning. This learning system has been used with a variety of different areas. The article chosen for this section is one written by Whiteley (2007) who chose to research the effects of the VAK system in online learning. This article suggested that there are a variety of ways to design online course, but that learning styles should be taken into account when they are designed. Students have different ways that they take in information and this should be take into consideration when assignments are created. The article explained that the VAK system was designed to help learners understand how to adapt their learning styles to online course, but that professors should plan their courses around learning styles. The article explains each aspect of the learning process and how professors can design specific course assignments to provide each student with the information in the course in their desired style. The article provides a thorough understanding of the VAK system and how it relates to other systems like NLP, and points out that when a student can engage their learning style, they experience less stress in the classroom. This article supports the topic of VAK and of stress in that it explains what professors can do for each type of learner. In management, the VAK system can also be taken into account when a manager is attempting to train workers in a certain topic. As an example, the trainer would have different activities that reinforce the learning such as handouts (visual), audiotapes or lecture (audi tory), hands on interactive programs or group work (kinesthetic). By providing a variety of ways to grasp the information, the trainer can be sure that all employees receive the information they need. Frederick Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory In exploring the literature about Herberg’s two factor theory, many of the articles were specific to different work factors or situation. Also, most

Research Topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Topics - Essay Example ere must be adequate market study to identify the specific needs of customers and innovatively deliver products and services that meet identified needs. Diversifying production means that the company will acquire new markets, reinforce the existing ones and also have a backup plan in case one business venture fails. Companies that rely on only one product are at risk of succumbing to market pressure and have no alternative in case of business uncertainty. This paper aims at exploring the identifiable advantages that are associated with diversifying production. By focusing on Outsurge Company, the paper will outline the perceived opportunities for diversity in the technology industry. This will be through a review of literature concerning production diversification and making a comparison between Outsurge and other technological companies. Results of this will be identification of advantages of diversity in production and hence the ways forward for a company like Outsurge. Diversity is a tool for success in any form of business that deals with production. According to Cornell and Thomas (2013), it not only scale up the company’s financial strength but also significantly contribute to the performance and hence market relevance. This project will use the theory of production which explains the principles that a business use to decide how much of each of their commodities they will put into the market and how much input they have to consider. The paper will also connect diversity to the theory of cost and production functions in order to link the basis for decision making in production and product diversity. According to a report by USDA in 2001, diversification helps explain the differences in variability level of income among different firms. Ivanova (2011) said production of multiple outputs helps in increasing sales and consequently the economic performance. This fact does not only apply to big production firms or agricultural production companies; it is also

Home work 1 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Home work 1 - Article Example The contact method used was through online alternatives that could provide statistical data. The financial information and sales of both companies is available through investor information about the company. The research panel of Canalys was able to gather the information from this then find the statistical comparisons between the two companies to show how each is doing in the competitive arena. There were also other statistics gathered from the companies which had Smartphones but were not as competitive in the market. This allowed the same data to be collected with both companies and provided a specific set of answers to the overall competitiveness within the companies. The main data was then distributed to AFP to finish the study and to provide information to the general public. The information provided by the survey included several statistics related to both Smartphones. The comparison began with the fourth quarter results of 2010 with both Smartphones, which included sales of 32 .9 Androids and 31 million Symbians. The Google percentage of sales was also compared, which included 8.7% of sales in 2009 and 32.5% in 2010, compared to Nokia, which was 44% in 2009 to 30.6% in 2010.

Post-Confederation of Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Post-Confederation of Canada - Essay Example Rowell-Sirois Commission (1937, report 1940) The famous great depression of 1930’s also affected Canada and it was due to the urgent need to address the economic challenges that faced the country that the Rowell-Sirois Commission was formed in 1937. The Commission was formed to devise permanent solutions that can prevent the country from experiencing another depression as it had been witnessed during the 1930s. The report, which the commission handed over to the government in 1940, is significant in the Canadian history since it is the report, which recommended that the federal government take full charge of workers’ pension scheme. Secondly, it is this report that made the federal government take full control of the unemployment insurance. Secondly, it recommended that the federal government create equalization payments and the disbursement of funds by the federal government to the provincial governments on a yearly basis. William Lyon Mackenzie King (1874-1950) Willia m Lyon Mackenzie commonly referred to as Mackenzie King was Canada’s 10th Prime Minister and the longest serving Prime Minister in Canada’s history who served for 22 years between 1921 through to 1948. According to political analysts, Mackenzie King did not have typical personal attributes of a great leader especially when compared to the his peers during this era, however, he was able to serve as the longest Prime Minister because of the wide variety of skills that he possessed, which resonated with the needs that Canada had during his era. He is most significant to the Canadian history because during his tenure he laid the foundation of the Canadian welfare state. Person’s case (1929) Henrietta Muir Edwards, Nellie McClung, Louise McKinney, Emily Murphy and Irene Parlby, (the famous 5s), presented a petition on 18th October 1927that requested the Governor General to issue a directive to the Supreme Court in order for them determine whether women had the right or if they were eligible to become Senator under the British North America Act. This is because up until that time, women were regarded as â€Å"persons† who could not hold public offices as Canada Senators. The ruling in this petition is significant to the Canadian history as it recognized women as persons who were eligible for appointment to the Canadian Senate and it set forth the establishment of various women rights. NAFTA (1994) The North American Free Trade Agreement is an agreement that was signed by the United States, Mexico, and Canada on 1st January, 1994 creating a trilateral trading block in North America. The agreement was signed by the three countries in order to boost investment and trading between the three countries by eliminating some of the trade barrier that had previously existed in the region. According to economists, this agreement is particularly important in the Canadian history as it enabled the country to trade more thus boosts its gross domestic p roduct and overall economic condition. Louis Riel As previously mentioned, Louis Riel spearheaded the establishment of the government for the Province of Manitoba, and it is further noted that he was also a key figure in the Canadian history since he was the political and spiritual leader of the Metis people of the Canadian prairies. Louis Riel is also significant in the Canadia

Organisations and behaviour Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organisations and behaviour - Coursework Example If managers are able to understand how different culture and structure can influence the performance of the organization, they will be able to manipulate their organizations performance through varying structure and culture of their institutions. Organizations can be defined as collection of individuals with an aim of achieving a common target (Flamholtz & Randle 2011, p.51). Therefore, every organization has a specific arrangement that determines the levels and flow of powers. This determines who is in charge of the others and also stipulates individuals’ status in the organization. The arrangement is determined by the functions individuals perform according to the area of their occupation. Individuals carry out the same task in the organization from time to time hence increases their work efficiency. This reduces the time of performing their duties hence saving cost of operation in the organization. Culture refers to the practices, standards and conducts that every individual member in an organization has to adhere to during their normal discharge of duties (Flamholtz & Randle 2011, p.54). Every organization has unique traditions that every member to that organization must uphold in order to be able to cope with other members and discharge their duties effectively (Fairfield-Sonn 2001, p.64). Therefore, the culture of each organization determines the conducts of the organizations’ employees and how the level of performance attained by the organization. Organizational structure defines the channel of flow of power within the workers in an organization (Jenks 2004). This streamline the flow of information within the organization as it moves from a specific source to the rest of the members. Organization structure affects individuals within an organization while organization culture may have a uniform impact on the organization (Jenks 2004). This is because structure

Marijuana legalization in the United States Essay

Marijuana legalization in the United States - Essay Example The push to decriminalize marijuana has been going on for years. It started in the early 1970s in the region of Oregon and increased as days went by with people pushing for its use claiming it had medical uses as well as for recreational purposes. There was gradual acceptance of the substance with various states addressing the issue from various angles according to what was felt right by the law makers there. Colorado was the first one to legalize marijuana up to a certain level in 2005 after fifty four percent of the votes to determine the issue voted in favor of its legalization. The other municipals that followed include Pennsylvania in 2014, Washington DC in the same year and New York City. Many states have passed laws that are in favor of its use up to certain levels though none has been bold enough to allow it production and use at the users discretion.   The State of Oregon made the initial step in the fight to allow the use of cannabis and decriminalize it in early 1970s. T his move was faced by different opinions from various people in the government and also from the citizens who had the perception that the use of marijuana is linked with various criminal activities and the medical attributes it is given are vague and non-existent. However, lobby groups could not relent and the move was accepted in other states and in 1975 Alaska also passed a law to decriminalize it. The law was to allow possession of up to 4 ounces of the substance. This was to be in their residence.  

Organisations and behaviour Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organisations and behaviour - Coursework Example If managers are able to understand how different culture and structure can influence the performance of the organization, they will be able to manipulate their organizations performance through varying structure and culture of their institutions. Organizations can be defined as collection of individuals with an aim of achieving a common target (Flamholtz & Randle 2011, p.51). Therefore, every organization has a specific arrangement that determines the levels and flow of powers. This determines who is in charge of the others and also stipulates individuals’ status in the organization. The arrangement is determined by the functions individuals perform according to the area of their occupation. Individuals carry out the same task in the organization from time to time hence increases their work efficiency. This reduces the time of performing their duties hence saving cost of operation in the organization. Culture refers to the practices, standards and conducts that every individual member in an organization has to adhere to during their normal discharge of duties (Flamholtz & Randle 2011, p.54). Every organization has unique traditions that every member to that organization must uphold in order to be able to cope with other members and discharge their duties effectively (Fairfield-Sonn 2001, p.64). Therefore, the culture of each organization determines the conducts of the organizations’ employees and how the level of performance attained by the organization. Organizational structure defines the channel of flow of power within the workers in an organization (Jenks 2004). This streamline the flow of information within the organization as it moves from a specific source to the rest of the members. Organization structure affects individuals within an organization while organization culture may have a uniform impact on the organization (Jenks 2004). This is because structure

Media Analysis and Engagement Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media Analysis and Engagement Plan - Essay Example The product was able to win over many fans and boost sales due to its innovative features such as a large HD touch screen, rounded design, eye movement recognition and pop-up play features (Samsung Electronics, 2013). The successful release of the upgraded flagship product across the world prompted Samsung to create an even better version, the Samsung Galaxy S-IV, which is to be released sometime in 2013. However, speculations as to the product’s specifications and release date were already starting to creep up in the web, despite the South Korean company not fully disclosing about the product just yet. In order to curb the hype as well as to properly inform the public and the product’s targeted audience, a social media and traditional media engagement plan would be designed to create a smooth and problem-free product release for the Samsung Galaxy S-IV. Identified Target Audiences (Online and Offline) High-end devices such as smartphones are known to appeal to two majo r age groups which are known to be tech-savvy among most of the general public: the 15-34 age group and the 35+ age group, also known as the Generation Y’s (We Are Apps, 2013). This is explainable by the fact that both age groups grew up with a full knowledge about rapid technological advancements and are not shy from using them, aside from having the income to buy such devices. They are also the age group that mostly frequent online, and they are able to passively advertise products and services either by blogging about them or uploading the photos of products or logos. They are also receptive to offline advertisements such as traditional mass media approaches due to familiarity or frequent use at home, thus these other forms of media would work on them as well. As these two age groups use their preferred media, people around them or those that they know well also get easily informed since they are able to use all forms of communication, and would be able to relay informatio n to friends, families, co-workers, and other people within their network. This creates additional target audiences through passively advertising about products by telling others about their experiences (Benkler, 2006). Thus using both online and offline strategies could easily create a wider coverage not just of the two targeted age groups but also to other age groups by catching their interest, both by online networking strategies and the use of print, television, and radio ads. Proposed Story Angle for Target Audiences and Media Anticipating a fun and relaxing summer is the chosen theme for the media engagement plan, and an image of positivity, various new experiences and uplift would be most applicable. Whereas the previous smartphone had variable story angles due to an increased focus in the product’s innovative features, it would be better to create an atmosphere for the new product since it would mostly be sharing some similar features with its predecessor. By introduc ing the product as a great way to experience and capture summer, people would more likely recall light and positive experiences, which could draw them in to the product much further. To keep the interest of the public and the target audience, in using traditional visual media short advertisements that are serial in nature (e.g. open-ended) can be used, aside from just showing the product’s features plainly. Showing experiences that most can relate to would not only make the company seem much more in tune with

Journal Entry for Stephen Crane’s, An Episode of War Essay Example for Free

Journal Entry for Stephen Crane’s, An Episode of War Essay This short piece of American literature is a descriptive prose depicting a scene in the American Civil War. An unnamed lieutenant is wounded at his right arm while resting with the rest of his troops during an active battle. The story enables the readers to take part on the lieutenant’s perceptions on what is happening and how the battle was shaped and he is a participant or a victim of a battle unknown to him. The battle is fierce and tumultuous; it was able to take the innocent lives and anything on its way. All of this thinking happened while the lieutenant passed the line of the battle, while he was in search of the field hospital.  At the hospital, the wounded officer had a brief and unpleasant encounter with a surgeon who is rude and lied to him, saying that his arm will not be amputated. The story was able to envelop the soft and meek side of an army officer in a few lines of dialogue of having his right arm amputated. In the end, the lieutenant went along with the surgeon for a medical procedure but end up losing his arm. The army officer felt ashamed when he got home to his family and showing an empty sleeve. He was a victim of a war that could have been avoided and he will not have to lose his arm.

The Research and Development of the High Altitude Sleeping System: HASS :: Essays Papers

The Research and Development of the High Altitude Sleeping System: HASS Abstract Various negative physiological effects of sleeping at high elevations increase dramatically above 12,000 feet. These effects include dehydration, hypothermia, susceptibility to respiratory tract infection, high altitude sleep apnea, severe fatigue, and other ailments of varying severity. Until now, technology has done very little to address these problems. Working in the University of Colorado at Boulder’s Biological Altitude Testing Laboratory, undergraduate David de la Garza and I developed a High Altitude Sleeping System called HASS. HASS is a lightweight, inexpensive, and easy‑to‑use device that can drastically reduce or even prevent many of the maladies noted above. This project sets out the research, design, and fielding‑testing of a working prototype of HASS. What happens to the body when people breathe at higher elevations? On high mountains, the air is cold and completely dry. As inhaled air passes through the nose or mouth, it is warmed and humidified, sucking both heat and water from the body, and these are not recovered during exhalation. On the highest mountains where breathing is so greatly increased; this heat and water loss cannot be sustained for very long. Dehydration exaggerates the impacts of hypothermia and hypoxia. —Dr. Charles Houston, MD Why are these effects important, and what can we do about them? As the preceding quote attests, climbers (as well as other high altitude adventurers) risk hypothermia and hypoxia from the extreme cold, low humidity, and decreased air pressure. Furthermore, they risk impaired judgment and reflexes due to the effects of sleep apnea. All of these factors combined can greatly contribute to the danger involved in mountaineering or trekking. These symptoms are generally associated with or become very acute during sleep. However, technology has done little to improve sleeping environments for people at high altitude. Working in the University of Colorado at Boulder’s Biological Altitude Testing Laboratory, undergraduate David de la Garza and I developed a High Altitude Sleeping System called HASS. HASS is a lightweight, inexpensive, and easy‑to‑use device that can drastically reduce or even prevent many of the maladies noted above (especially when sleeping above 12,000 feet). Our goal was to research, design, and field‑test a working prototype of HASS that would alleviate these ailments by maintaining a sleeping climber’s lungs comfortably warm and hydrated while increasing her respiration rate throughout the night. How does HASS help with sleep? HASS is designed to reduce the overall stress placed on the human body while sleeping at high altitude.

Brave New World Vs Reality Essay -- essays research papers fc

Brave New World vs. Reality In many cases when you read a novel you may find comparisons between the "fictional" society and your realistic one. The author may consciously or unconsciously create similarities between these two worlds. The novelist can foresee the future and write according to this vision. In Brave New World, Adlous Huxley envisions the future of our society and the dangerous direction it is headed in. Brave New World is greatly dependant upon soma, as in our world where prescribed drugs and drug abuse are prominent. This is evident when Bernard and Lenina return from the Savage Reservation. Lenina is devastated from her experiences, so decides to take soma. It illustrates how like our world when something upsets us instead of trying to solve the problem we use drugs to mask them. Linda's addiction to soma is also an illustration of the similarities of drug abuse between our two worlds. Linda's return to Brave New World after many years brings her to the abuse of soma. She uses it as an escape from reality. Some of us use drugs to escape from the harshness and the tough brutality of reality. We always dream of the perfect utopia and expect our world to transform into it. Some of us always look for the easy way out and drugs allow us that. A further similarity of Brave New World to us, is when John is in the hospital after his mother's death due to soma abuse, and witnesses the workers receiving their soma rations. John begins to throw the soma out ...

The Holocaust Was a Very Important Part of History

The Holocaust was a very important part of history. From this tragic happening that we can learn from our mistakes so it or anything close can never happen again. Also someone should have spoken up when they saw people being taken away and never returning. Last if someone you knew was hiding and you knew where how could you rat them out, when they did nothing wrong. Hitler was a master dictator that should have been stopped when people saw the wrong in him.Some things we can learn are, that if someone or thing is wrong speak up about it, killing should not go unnoticed, and just because someone is different does not mean they should be treated differently. If someone should have spoken up about what they thought was unfair this whole massacre may have never happened. Killing people is against the law and just because you are a leader doesn’t mean you can kill whoever whenever, that’s just not right. There are also many different races, religions, eye colors, hair colors , and so on.Last if you treat one unfair because of one of their features than everyone should have be treated unfair because no one person is the same. Learning is one of the greatest abilities god gave us and the Holocaust is something we can learn from. How can someone not say something when people they know are being taken away never to return when they have done nothing wrong? That is like robbing a house just because the door was unlocked. You just don’t do that. Even neighbors were taken away for what being different? I myself know that Hitler may have killed you, but it would be for a good cause.Everyone was just scared and selfish, they didn’t care what was happening to the â€Å"outsiders† (Jews, Gypsies, and Homosexuals) all they cared about was that their family was safe. Speaking up is just a little sacrifice you can take to safe peoples lives. Hiding was one of the ways the â€Å"outsiders† tried to protect themselves Gestapo and Naziâ€℠¢s. Say you know where your Jewish neighbor was hiding, would you tell where they are or would you help them get food? I would help even though it would be risking my own life for inset people that are all the same as you and I.They do not deserve to be treated differently than everyone else. It would be worth all pain and sacrifice to save millions of people. Hiding was one of the ways that Jews had some power in the time of the Holocaust. As you can see the Holocaust will and is a major part of history. There are so many more things that you can learn from this happening. If you see people rising to power and doing things wrong speak out. It would be good for you and the rest of us. Lets hope nothing like this will happen again. For the people, the world, and today no one needs such a tragic occurrence and never will.

Different Approaches in The Wisdom of Teams

Jon R. Katzenbach is a director of McKinsey & Company, Inc., where he has served the senior executives of leading companies for over thirty years. His experience includes work with both public and private sector clients from the industrial, financial, and consumer industries. He has also served a variety of nonprofit institutions. He specializes in issues involving corporate governance, organization, and leadership. Douglas K. Smith is a former consultant at McKinsey & Company, Inc., who today is a leading commentator on organizational performance and change. Simply, teams outperform people working alone. This is especially true when the performance requires multiple skills, judgements, and experiences. Consultants or former consultants of large consulting firms wrote the Wisdom of Teams. The Wisdom of Teams authors have roots at McKinsey. A consulting firm based out of Dallas Texas. The authors have spent considerable time working with teams, studying them and are now using their books to impart that knowledge to those seeking to form, develop and facilitate successful teams in their organizations. However, the two books take very different approaches. Teams are one of the catchwords of the 90's. And with them has come an explosion of literature telling us what teams are and what they are not; how to create them, measure them, use them and empower them. A new vocabulary has emerged that distinguishes work groups from work teams, and self-directed teams from all other teams. Some of the essential lessons learned about teams and team performance are: – Teams do not arise without a perforce challenge that is meaningful to those involved. – Real team†s results will be greater if the leaders aim their sights on preference. – Biases toward individualism cannot interfere with the team†s goals. The Wisdom of Teams presents lessons learned from the success and failure of actual teams. The authors base their wisdom on personal experience along with extensive interviews conducted with 50 different businesses. Katzenbach and Smith's lessons are supported by case studies. â€Å"Real† teams are the focus of the book. According to Katzenbach and Smith, a â€Å"real† team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable. These elements of a team — purpose, performance goals, common approach to work and mutual accountability — define what teams are and how they should be managed. Teams are distinguished from work groups in that the work they perform is collective as opposed to the sum of individual contributions, leadership roles are shared, and the team does real work together that result in a specific product or service being delivered. This distinction is important, because the focus of the book is on what teams are, what it takes to become a team and how to exploit the potential of successful teams. The authors also present useful guidelines for determining when to use a team and when to use a work group. Teams are not presented as an organizational ideal. In fact, Katzenbach and Smith encourage looking at the organization's goals and policies to determine if a team or work group is the best choice. Their bias is that teams are worth the trouble where they support organizational goals. In their view, the potential of teams is unlimited and cultivating real teams is one of the best ways of upgrading the overall performance of an organization. Katzenbach and Smith's advice is simple, straightforward, and practical. They look at teams in an organizational context. Certain elements are critical to team success. The organization needs to have or develop a strong â€Å"performance ethic.† In other words, compelling clear purposes and performance standards need to be an important part of the organization's culture. According to Katzenbach and Smith, performance, not chemistry, shapes teams. â€Å"Real† teams emerge when the individuals in them take risks involving conflict, trust, interdependence, and hard work. Making conflict constructive by developing ways to handle differences and concerns and molding them into common goals is when real teams emerge. The authors suggest achieving this by establishing urgency and clear direction in teams, selecting members based on skill balance, not personality, and with opportunities to learn from each other. Establishing clear start-up rules for behavior and seizing upon a few immediate performance-oriented tasks that are challenging but achievable also help teams develop. Spending lots of time together and giving positive feedback are key. The authors describe the senior management team as the hardest to establish they present this as a fact of organizational life that can be addressed. Their solution: start by creating a strong senior management work group and go from there. Many successful organizations using teams have them. The authors are also realists. The difficulty teams may face such as lack of management direction is described with suggestions for addressing them. Finally, and maybe most importantly, Katzenbach and Smith are optimists. They believe that most people are able to lead. Leaders need to provide guidance and give up control and most importantly believe in the team and put them first. It is that attitude, belief in the team, that is the most important characteristic of a leader. They conclude that a strong performance ethic leads to the pursuit of common performance results that benefit customers, shareholders, and employees. An overemphasis on any one area creates distortions that lead to turf battles and politics. Managers must demand and then relentlessly support pursuit of performance by teams. This clear simple model can easily be applied to any type of organization. All of this advice is offered while keeping jargon to a minimum. In fact, the book starts by acknowledging what we all know creating change in an organization can be difficult. Yet, The Wisdom of Teams provides simple strategies, to analyze organizational readiness, and alternatives that will get your organization closer to a real team environment. It outlines the basics elements of team and then offers techniques for sticking to them to achieve success. You do not need to be a process consultant to make teams work in Katzenbach and Smith's world. In addition, this is the book's greatest strength. While the advice offered is good, the book could be much more concise and easier to read. Many of the points are redundant. This is a good book for the beginner, who wants to understand the issues.

The Role of Language and Communication in National Transfromation

The relationship between language and communication in the business of information encoding and dissemination cannot be over looked. Despite the fact that the two concepts are different in meaning, the roles they play are complementary in many ways.Language is a process by which information can be carried out from one party to another, while communication refers to the chain of activities that make it possible for information, ideas, emotions and experiences to be conveyed from one party to the other. The process of communication starts with the source that first puts the message information in a code or language before it is sent to the receiver. The major focus of this work is to examine how language and communication agree in achieving effective information delivery for National Transformation. A documentary approach was applied.It was found out that the issue of language and communication is at the core of national transformation in Nigeria. Some variables that are relevant to th is work are examined. These findings led to the conclusion that for Nigeria to move forward in its transformational strides in the 21st century, language and communication must be strengthened at all cost. 1. 0: INTRODUCTION Language plays a very vital role in human society. The language of any human society tells a lot about that society. Therefore, it can be further emphasized that language and communication are inseparable.In any human society, language and communication occupy a very important seat, more than it appears to all. The functions of language and communication in any human community include the following; expression of thoughts, political, administration, education, social, religious, legislation and so on. It is imperative to note that of all the channels of communication, language is the most important. This is because all other means of communication like gestures and signs are only needful in the face-to-face circumstance.Language plays a vital role in this and st ill remains the most effective means of communication. Through language and communication, we can see the heart of a people. This implies that language makes it possible to express feelings, emotions, views, ideas, opinions, perceptions, as well as judgment about people, objects, places, things, information and situations, Obuh and Omenogor (2012). 2. 0: WHAT IS LANGUAGE? Language is a viable implement used by man for the purpose of communication. It is human-specific and this differentiates man from other creatures.Language has contributed enormously to the great transformation of our society politically, religiously, socially and economically. For the sake of this paper, we need a definition of language. There is a plethora of definitions of the concept of language. Sapir (1963) asserts that: â€Å"language is the key to the heart of a people† this means that language is a purely human and non-instinctive type of communication. Moreso, Moulton (1974), sees language as: â₠¬Å"a wonderful and rich vehicle of communication, which is: expression of ideas, wishes, commands, conveyance of truths and lies. He also said that only human beings have the attribute of sending and receiving an unlimited number of messages. This implies that language is a feature common to human beings. Haugen (1974) explains language as: â€Å"a man’s most distinctive and significant type of social behaviour†¦ learned anew by every child. † Language and communication are inseparably linked in the heart of a people. According to Allen and Corder (1973:27), â€Å"language is purely a human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols†.Hall (1980:16) defines language as: â€Å"the institutions where by humans communicate and interact with each other by means of habitually used oral auditory symbols†. Bolinger (1975:14), views language as: â€Å"a system of vocal-auditory communicati on interacting with the experiences of its users, employing conventional signs composed of arbitrarily patterned sound units and assembled according to set rules†. In another development, Essien (1998:2) sees language as: A system of structured arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which human beings make meaning nd communicate with each other in a given community†¦. These definitions recognize the communicative role of language which is specifically used by human beings for the purpose of interaction. By implication, language is in essence a perfect means of expression among every known people. It is important to note that language determines the world-view of a people. It is the connection between language and communication in information delivery for national transformation that is the fulcrum of this discourse.In as much as human beings use language, communication remains its primary target. 2. 1: FUNCTIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LANGUAGE These can be seen as some speci al qualities and role that are common to a typical human language. Human language is used in a number of functions and topmost among which is communication. In the same vein, language is known with the following properties: LANGUAGE IS A LIVING PHENOMENON: This is attributed to a language because language just like other creatures can be ‘born’, ‘grow’, and ‘die’. Creating a language is like giving birth to a language.A language grows when it undergoes a kind of structural and semantic expansion. A language dies when it is no longer used or spoken by any group of people in any part of the world as a means of communication. IT IS ARBITRARY: This implies that there is no logic or reasonable resemblance between words and expressions of a given language and their basic meanings or what they stand for. Example, â€Å"the spoon is in the cup on the table† does not logically look like what it means because of the arbitrariness of each of its co nstituents parts.In the same vein, human language is conventional. This is closely related to the arbitrariness of language, because a language is conventional in the sense that its meaningful usage is based on general opinion, consent, knowledge or acceptability of its various speakers Oluga (2006) EVERY LANGUAGE IS RULE GOVERNED: This means that the acceptable and correct use of a giving language is usually guided at the various linguistic levels by set of an operating rules and principles called ‘Grammar’.Every language has its own grammar which may not be the same with those of other languages and any deviation from such grammatical rules will render language use ungrammatical. IT IS SYMBOLIC: This means that language also involves the use of various symbols which invariably aids comprehension of the meaning of language. However, symbols may or may not be physical. It is not physical if what is meant is the mental image already pictured in the language users’ mind which comes to mind whenever the signifier is mentioned.LANGUAGE IS PURELY HUMAN: The school of thought who advocates these characteristics are those who believe in the incomparability of the human language. To them, language is one of the main distinctive features by which human beings can be identified, hence, it is only the human means of communication that is highly complex and developed and which can explain virtually everything that they identify as language. LANGUAGE IS COMPLEX BUT FLEXIBLE: Language complexity means that language is made up of various, but logical related, constituent parts that can be properly combined to express unlimited ideals.While language flexibility means that language is not an unreasonably rigid source of communication but one that can be modified in various ways to express various ideas. One can even say something and mean the opposite of what one says and yet the intended meaning of one’s message would be understood. LANGUAGE IS EITH ER ACCQUIRED OR LEARNT: Here, human beings are not born with language though the ability to speak language is inherent in them; hence, no child starts to speak a language as soon as he/she is born.A language is either informally acquired from childhood through an unconscious process or formally learnt through a conscious learning process or in a formal learning setting like the language class. However, acquisition of language is peculiar to mother tongue while, learning proper is peculiar to other languages other than the mother tongue. It is also expedient to note that an already acquired language usually influences or impedes learning and competency in the second language usage. From the above, it is obvious that language is an essential part of human beings which they use for communication purpose.Therefore, every nation that wishes to have a meaningful transformation, must take the issue of its language very seriously. Nigeria is a typical example of a country that has not been taken the issue of language very seriously and this is part of the reasons for our backwardness in National Transformation. 2. 2: LANGUAGE AND NATIONAL TRANSFORMATION Transformation has to do with a complete change, usually into something with an improved appearance or usefulness. Transformation implies that there is an improvement of the well-being of the people.Transformation can be seen from two major angles, that is: from human and physical. For human, transformation should be seen in raising the levels of their living standard in terms of good income. Physical transformation is an aspect of transformation that does not necessarily change the living standard of the people like building skyscrapers, modern expressways and so on. Many people are poor because they cannot assume their citizens basic necessities of life. National Transformation is the growth of the nation in terms of unity, education and so on.It involves a coordinated and concentrated transformation of all aspects o f the society, Elugbe (1990) as quoted by Okoye and Okafor (2011). For National Transformation and social changes to take a positive stand, the government should share most of her favourable policies to her target audience through the accessible mediums with acceptable language. The economic transformation of any nation also helps to define its transformational processes. As it is, the process of industrialization entails a background study of the nature of the environment and its suitability for the industry.This cannot be achieved without the use of language to transmit the ideas to the people concerned Unegbu (2011). The unity of a nation has to do with the need for the various ethnic groups in that nation to see themselves as one. It is certain that Nigeria as a nation is a geographical entity that is made up of several different groups ordinarily unrelated. I stand to said that there cannot be real national unity and transformation without a strong and genuine linguistic policy that is geared towards uniting the country 3. 0: WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?Communication is the process of sharing ideas, feelings, thoughts and messages with others. The heart of communication is the dissemination of effective messages to the audience and this may involve writing, speaking, gestures, disposition and facial expressions, among others. Communication has been given several definitions by various scholars. For instance, Little (1965:4) defines communication as: â€Å"a process by which information is passed among individuals and organizations by means of previously agreed symbols†. Lyons (1965:32) views it as â€Å"an intentional transmission of information by means of some established signaling system†.Book, et al (1980:8) sees communication as â€Å"†¦ a transactional symbolic process which allows people to relate and manage their environment by establishing human contact, exchanging information, re-enforcing the attitudes and behaviours of others and changing the attitudes and behaviours of others. By these definitions, communication therefore is a means of touching others through sharing of information in agreed system. 3. 1: FORMS OF COMMUNICATION Forms of communication have been derived for the sake of convenience to simplify the process of communication.Communication is very vital to keep the environment healthy and peaceful. Imagine a world where no one understands one another. Wouldn't it be chaotic? Think about it. Communication of information, messages, opinions, speech and thoughts can be done through different forms of modern communication media, like Internet, Telephone and Mobile. Some of the basic ways of communication are by speaking, singing, sign language, body language, touch and eye contact. These basic ways of communication are used to transfer information and for the sake of this paper it shall be narrowed down into four: ?First is verbal communication, it is essentially the type of communication which uses words. It uses sounds in addition to the language, gestures and body language, while communicating. Verbal communication helps in expressing thoughts, emotions and sentiments. A phone conversation, chat with a friend, an announcement made or a speech delivered are all verbal forms of communication. For most of us, it comes with ease. As children, we learned verbal communication through the sounds around us. We soon develop and start understanding the language which helps us to communicate verbally as we grow older. Another is non-verbal communication. It is a process of communication without using words or sounds. Non-verbal communication uses gestures, body language, facial expressions, eye contact, clothing, hairstyles and every part of the body to communicate with the audience. Dances or a gesture made by a mother to a child, are the perfect examples of non-verbal communication. ?Written communication is another form. This is where you write the words which you want to communicat e. Good written communication is essential for business purposes. Written communication is practiced in many different languages.E-mails, reports, articles and memos are some of the ways of using written communication in business. The written communication can be edited and amended many times before it is communicated to the second party to whom the communication is intended. This is one of the main advantages of using writing as the major means of communication in business activity. Written communication is used not only in business but also for informal communication purposes. Mobile SMS is an example of informal written communication see Daramola (2003). ?Fourthly is oral communication. This is the communication process conducted through spoken words.Oral communication is defined as the effective interpretation, composition, and presentation of information, ideas, and values to a specific audience. In today's world, the emergences of different forms of media have led to the commu nication process through different channels like telephones, tele-conferences, video conferences and what have you. Earlier, face-to-face meetings and speeches were the only forms of communication see also Daramola (2003). 3. 2: CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATION According to Daramola (2003), the characteristics of communication are as follows: oCommunication is dynamic, not static. It is continuous since there is no beginning and end to it in person’ life oIt is a complete process as it occurs at many levels and reflects many influences. oIt is irreversible. Once any message is sent and received, it produces effect on later messages. oIt is non sequential in that the elements are not rigidly patterned in a linear or circular manner. 3. 3: COMMUNICATION AND NATIONAL TRANSFORMATION National Transformation in Nigeria is a phenomenon that has so many meanings to different people though, all gear towards enhancing the living standard of the masses.Society as a whole cannot survive if the people are not properly informed of the way forward. And communication constitutes one of the instruments that precedes the education and re-education of the people providing changes in the society. Communication is a way of relaying a lot of information to a large segment of people. In communicating with the people, there is the communicator, the message, channel and the audience. As an ingredient for the advancement of the society, communication maintains a constant link between the people and National Transformation.The main purpose of communication is to create awareness to the public. Communication is the live wire for growth and transformation. It does not only eradicate ignorance and apathy, it aids to create awareness about happenings in the society. Lack of communication can lead to a total breakdown of activities in a society. Communication brings about freedom of speech and ideas. It gives everyone the privilege to participate in the formation of public matters. It keeps one abreast about transformational agenda and widens ones wealth of knowledge Unegbu (2011).Nigerian government need to use communication to help socio-economic and political advancement of the country and this will assist to mobilize the people towards the attainment of National Transformation of the country. With the use of communication and language, the government will be able to reach out to her numerous audiences in her policies and programmes. The aim at improving the standard of living of the masses, raising their consciousness towards protection and the defense of the nation for national interest cannot be achieved without proper communication. . 0: RECOMMENDATION The following recommendations may serve in improving the role language and communication plays in National Transformation. 1. Effort should be doubled at the teaching and learning of language and communication to meet international standards. 2. Education policy makers should make language and communication a compulsory course for all disciplines at the high education level in Nigeria. This will assist every graduate (no matter his/her area of specialization) to acquire standard language and communication skills. . The teaching of language and communication should be more intensive. This implies that more hours should be allocated to language and communication class in our schools. 4. Teachers of language and communication should be trained and re-trained to enable them cope with the complexities involved in the teaching of the course. 5. 0: CONCLUSION Communication involves the use of language to pass information, transact, and exchange ideas and expressions of thought. This implies that, language is a fundamental symbol to communication.Language is not a natural instinct; it is acquired or learnt through the effective social stages like the family, peer-group and ethnic group. Man as a social and communicative animal must live, associate and interact with people in the society to ac hieve personal aspirations. All these is greatly enhanced and facilitated by effective communication. This paper has looked at language and communication in Nigerian environment as one of the ways of enhancing National Transformation. The point is that Nigeria as a country should develop language and communication to a level that every user can effectively and adequately handle it.This is in view of the fact that the Nigerians must be prepared for the challenges of international environment since transformation is not just something that is limited to within the boundaries of a given nation-state or country. The life of a nation will be short-circuited and meaningless without language and communication. Sustained communication is therefore made possible through language.